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̳í³ñòåðñòâî îñâ³òè ³ íàóêè Óêðà¿íè

Óêðà¿íñüêèé äåðæàâíèé õ³ì³êî – òåõíîëîã³÷íèé

Óí³âåðñèòåò

Êàôåäðà õ³ì³÷íî¿ òåõíîëî㳿

êåðàì³êè òà ñêëà

ÊÓÐÑÎÂÈÉ ÏÐÎÅÊÒ

Òåìà: Ïðîåêò öåõó ïëÿøêîâîãî êîðè÷íåâîãî

 ñêëà äëÿ ñóâåí³ðíî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿

Âèêîíàâ: ñòóäåíò ãðóïè 4-ÒÑ-73                                              Îãóðöîâ Ìàêñèì                                                                                                             Â’ÿ÷åñëàâîâè÷

Ïåðåâ³ðèâ: äîöåíò êàô. ÕÒÊÑ                                         Ìàêñèìîâè÷ Ñâ³òëàíà                                                                                                     ²ëë³âíà

Äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüê

2003 ð.


Ðåôåðàò

      Àðêóø³â    57                        Òàáëèöü     52                        Ðèñóíê³â    13

Êóðñîâà ðîáîòà ì³ñòèòü 7 ðîçä³ë³â. Ó âñòóï³ ðîçãëÿíóòî ïîëîæåííÿ ñêëÿíî¿ òàðè íà ñïîæèâ÷îìó ðèíêó, ¿¿ ïåðåâàãè òà íåäîë³êè. Ðîçä³ë 1 ì³ñòèòü õàðàêòåðèñòèêó òà àñîðòèìåíò ïðîäóêö³¿ ñòàíäàðòè íà ïðîäóêö³þ.  ðîçä³ë³ 2 ðîçãëÿíóòî ñèðîâèííó áàçó ï³äïðèºìñòâà, îñíîâí³ ïðèðîäí³ òà øòó÷í³ äæåðåëà îòðèìàííÿ íåîáõ³äíèõ îêñèä³â, íàâåäåí³ âèìîãè ñòàíäàðò³â. Òðåò³é ðîçä³ë ïðèñâÿ÷åíèé îïèñó òåõíîëîã³÷íî¿ ñõåìè âèðîáíèöòâà ïëÿøîê, ï³äãîòîâêà ñèðîâèíè, ¿¿ îáðîáêà, âèãîòîâëåííÿ øèõòè, âèìîãè äî íå¿. Ó ðîçä³ë³ 3 íàâåäåíî òåõíîëîã³÷íó ñõåìó âèðîáíèöòâà ïëÿøîê.  ðîçä³ë³ 4 äåòàëüíî ðîçãëÿíóòà òåõíîëîã³ÿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ ñêëîòàðè, à ñàìå: ïðîöåñè òà ñòà䳿 ï³äãîòîâêè òà îáðîáêè ñèðîâèíè, ñêëîâàð³ííÿ, âèðîáêè ñêëîìàñè, ôîðìóâàííÿ òà â³äïàëó âèðîá³â âèçíà÷åíî íåîáõ³äíå äëÿ öüîãî òåõíîëîã³÷íå óñòàòêóâàííÿ: - îáëàäíàííÿ äëÿ îáðîáêè ñèðîâèíè, çàâàíòàæóâà÷³ øèõòè, ñêëîâàðíà ï³÷ , æèâèëüíèêè, ñêëîôîðìóþ÷³ ìàøèíè, ïå÷³ â³äïàëó, à òàêîæ êîíòðîëü ÿêîñò³ òà ïàêóâàííÿ âèðîá³â. Ðîçðàõóíîê ìàòåð³àëüíîãî áàëàíñó ì³ñòèòüñÿ ó ðîçä³ë³ 5. Ðîçä³ë 6 ì³ñòèòü ³íôîðìàö³þ ïðî êîíòðîëü ÿêîñò³ ïðîäóêö³¿. Ó 7 ðîçä³ë³ íàâåäåíî âèá³ð, ðîçðàõóíêè òà òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà óñòàòêóâàííÿ.

ÊËÞ×β ÑËÎÂÀ: ÑÊËÎ, ÒÀÐÀ, ÏËßØÊÈ, ÑÈÐÎÂÈÍÀ, ϲÑÎÊ, ÊÀÎ˲Í, ÊÐÅÉÄÀ, ÄÎËÎ̲Ò, ÑÎÄÀ, ÑÓËÜÔÀÒ ÍÀÒвÞ, ØÈÕÒÀ, ϲ×, ÂÀвÍÍß, ÑÊËÎÌÀÑÀ, ÔÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍß, ÂÈÐÎÁÈ, ²ÄÏÀË, ßʲÑÒÜ, ÑÊËÀÄ, ÃÐÅÉÔÅÐÍÈÉ ÊÐÀÍ, ÁÓÍÊÅÐ, ÑÒв×ÊÎÂÈÉ ÊÎÍÂŪÐ, ÅËÅÂÀÒÎÐ, ÙÎÊÎÂÀ ÄÐÎÁÀÐÊÀ, ÌÎËÎÒÊÎÂÀ ÄÐÎÁÀÐÊÀ.


Çì³ñò

Âñòóï                                                                               8

1.Àñîðòèìåíò òà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âèðîá³â. Âèìîãè ñòàíäàðòó                                                        9

2.Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñèðîâèíè                                                                                                                 11

  2.1. Ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè äëÿ ââåäåííÿ SiO2                                                                                               12

  2.2. Ñè­ðî­âèí­í³ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ëè äëÿ ââå­äåí­íÿ Al2O3                                                                                 12

  2.3. Ñè­ðî­âèí­í³ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ëè äëÿ âå­äåí­íÿ îê­ñè­ä³â ëó­æ­íî­çå­ìå­ëü­íèõ ìå­òà­ë³â                                                13

  2.4. Ñè­ðî­âèí­í³ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ëè äëÿ âå­äåí­íÿ îê­ñè­ä³â ëó­æ­íèõ ìå­òà­ë³â                                                   14

  2.5. Ñêëîá³é                                                                                                                                          14

3. Òåõíîëîã³÷íà ñõåìà âèðîáíèöòâà                                                                                                   15

4. Îïèñ òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî òà ô³çèêî – õ³ì³÷íèõ îñíîâ ïðîöåñó                                                         16

  4.1. Ñêëàäóâàííÿ òà çáåð³ãàííÿ ñèðîâèíè                                                                                        16

  4.2. Îáðîáëåííÿ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â                                                                                         16

       4.2.1. ˳í³ÿ ï³äãîòîâêè ï³ñêó                                                                                                        17

       4.2.2. ˳í³ÿ ï³äãîòîâêè äîëîì³òó                                                                                                  17

       4.2.3. ˳í³ÿ ï³äãîòîâêè ñîäè òà ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ                                                                                   18

       4.2.4. ˳í³ÿ ï³äãîòîâêè ñêëîáîþ                                                                                                   18

       4.2.5. ϳäãîòîâêà ³íøèõ ìàòåð³àë³â                                                                                              18

  4.3. Äîçóâàííÿ êîìïîíåíò³â òà çì³øóâàííÿ øèõòè                                                                        18

  4.4. Çàâàíòàæåííÿ øèõòè òà ñêëîáîþ ó ñêëîâàðíó ï³÷                                                                  19

  4.5. Âàð³ííÿ ñêëîìàñè                                                                                                                        19

  4.6. ϳäãîòîâêà ñêëîìàñè äî ôîðìóâàííÿ                                                                                        22

  4.7. Ôîðìóâàííÿ ñêëîâèðîá³â                                                                                                           23

  4.8. ³äïàë âèðîá³â                                                                                                                             24

  4.9. Íàíåñåííÿ çàõèñíîãî ïîêðèòòÿ                                                                                                  25

  4.10. Êîíòðîëü ÿêîñò³ âèðîá³â                                                                                                           26

  4.11. Ïàêóâàííÿ ãîòîâèõ âèðîá³â                                                                                                     26

  4.12. Âíóòð³øíüîçàâîäñüêå òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ãîòîâèõ âèðîá³â                                                    27

  4.13. Ñêëàäóâàííÿ ãîòîâèõ âèðîá³â                                                                                                  27

5. Ìàòåð³àëüíèé áàëàíñ âèðîáíèöòâà                                                                                                27

  5.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê âèðîáíè÷î¿ ïðîãðàìè                                                                                             27

  5.2. Âèçíà÷åííÿ çàãàëüíèõ òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ ïîêàçíèê³â öåõó, ùî ïðîåêòóºòüñÿ                           27

  5.3. Ðîçðàõóíîê øèõòè                                                                                                                      30

       5.3.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê íåîáõ³äíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ñîäè òà ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ                                             31

       5.3.2. Ðîçðàõóíîê íåîáõ³äíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ âóã³ëëÿ                                                                          31

       5.3.3. Ðîçðàõóíîê âèãîðÿííÿ øèõòè                                                                                            32

6. Êîíòðîëþâàííÿ ÿêîñò³ âèðîá³â                                                                                                       34

7. Âèá³ð, ðîçðàõóíîê, òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà óñòàòêóâàííÿ                                                        35

  7.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê ñêëàäó ñèðîâèíè                                                                                                     35

  7.2. Ðîçðàõóíîê ãðåéôåðíîãî êðàíó                                                                                                 35

  7.3. ˳í³ÿ ï³ñêó                                                                                                                                     36

       7.3.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó                                                                                                            36

       7.3.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            37

       7.3.3. Ðîçðàõóíîê ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                     37

       7.3.4. Ðîçðàõóíîê ñóøèëüíîãî áàðàáàíó                                                                                     39

       7.3.5. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               40

       7.3.6. Âèá³ð ñèòà                                                                                                                            40

       7.3.7. Ðîçðàõóíîê åëåâàòîðà                                                                                                         41

       7.3.8. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               42

       7.3.9. Âèá³ð åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî ñåïàðàòîðà                                                                                42

       7.3.10. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿                                                                                     42

       7.3.11. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                          42

       7.3.12. Âèá³ð çì³øóâà÷à øèõòè                                                                                                    42

       7.3.13. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â                                                                                             43

  7.4. ˳í³ÿ êàîë³íó                                                                                                                                 43

       7.4.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó                                                                                                            43

       7.4.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            43

       7.4.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               42

       7.4.4. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà                                                                                                                   44

       7.4.5. Âèá³ð ñèòà                                                                                                                            44

       7.4.6. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿                                                                                       44

       7.4.7. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            44

       7.4.8. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â                                                                                               44

  7.5. ˳í³ÿ äîëîì³òó                                                                                                                               45

       7.5.1. Âèá³ð áóíêåðó                                                                                                                                  45       7.5.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                             45        7.5.3. Ðîçðàõóíîê ùîêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè                                                                                     45

       7.5.4. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               46

       7.5.5. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà                                                                                                                   46

       7.5.6. Âèá³ð ñóøèëüíîãî áàðàáàíó                                                                                               46

       7.5.7. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               46

       7.5.8. Ðîçðàõóíîê ìîëîòêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè                                                                                      47

       7.5.9. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               47

       7.5.10. Âèá³ð ñèòà                                                                                                                          47

       7.5.11. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà                                                                                                                 47

       7.5.12. Âèá³ð åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî ñåïàðàòîðà                                                                              48

       7.5.13.Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿                                                                                      48

       7.5.14. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                          48

       7.5.15. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â                                                                                             48

  7.6. ˳í³ÿ ñîäè                                                                                                                                      48

       7.6.1. Âèá³ð áóíêåðó                                                                                                                                 48

       7.6.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            49

       7.6.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               49

       7.6.4. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà                                                                                                                   49

       7.6.5. Âèá³ð ñèòà                                                                                                                            49

       7.6.6. Âèá³ð äðîáàðêè                                                                                                                    49

       7.6.7. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿                                                                                       50

       7.6.8. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            50

       7.6.9. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â                                                                                               50

  7.7. ˳í³ÿ ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ                                                                                                                 50

       7.7.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó çáåð³ãàííÿ                                                                                         50

       7.7.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            50

       7.7.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               51

       7.7.4. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà                                                                                                                   51

       7.7.5. Âèá³ð ñèòà                                                                                                                            51

       7.7.6. Âèá³ð äðîáàðêè                                                                                                                    51

       7.7.7. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿                                                                                       5

       7.7.8. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            52

       7.7.9. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â                                                                                               52

  7.8. ˳í³ÿ êðåéäè                                                                                                                                  52

       7.8.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó çáåð³ãàííÿ                                                                                         52

       7.8.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            52

       7.8.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               52

       7.8.4. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà                                                                                                                   53

       7.8.5. Âèá³ð ñèòà                                                                                                                            53

       7.8.6. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿                                                                                       53

       7.8.7. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            53

       7.8.8. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â                                                                                               53

  7.9. ˳í³ÿ âóã³ëëÿ                                                                                                                                 54

       7.9.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó çáåð³ãàííÿ                                                                                         54

       7.9.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                             54

       7.9.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                               54

       7.9.4. Âèá³ð ñèòà                                                                                                                            54

       7.9.5. âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà                                                                                                                    54

       7.9.6. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿                                                                                       54

       7.9.7. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                            55

       7.9.8. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â                                                                                               55

  7.10.˳í³ÿ ñêëîáîþ                                                                                                                              55

       7.10.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåð³â çáåð³ãàííÿ                                                                                      55

       7.10.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                          55

       7.10.3. Âèá³ð ùîêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè                                                                                                   55

       7.10.4. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó                                                                                             56

       7.10.5. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà                                                                                                                  56

       7.10.6. Âèá³ð åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî ñåïàðàòîðà                                                                              56

       7.10.7. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿                                                                                     56

       7.10.8. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà                                                                                          56

       7.10.9. Âèá³ð ì³ðíîãî áóíêåðó                                                                                                      56

˳òåðàòóðà                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 


                                ÂÑÒÓÏ                    

„Ñêëîì íàçèâàþòü âñ³ àìîðôí³ ò³ëà, îäåðæàí³ øëÿõîì ïåðåîõîëîäæåííÿ ðîçïëàâó, íåçàëåæíî â³ä ¿õ õ³ì³÷íîãî ñêëàäó ³ òåìïåðàòóðíî¿ ä³ëÿíêè òâåðä³ííÿ. Âíàñë³äîê ïîñòóïîâîãî ï³äâèùåííÿ â‘ÿçêîñò³ âîíè íàáóâàþòü âëàñòèâîñò³ òâåðäèõ ò³ë, ïðè öüîìó ïðîöåñ ïåðåõîäó ç ð³äêîãî ñòàíîâèùà ó ñêëîïîä³áíå ïîâèíåí áóòè çâîðîòí³ì.”

Ñêëî – øòó÷íèé ìàòåð³àë ÿêèé ìຠòàê³ âëàñòèâîñò³, ÿê ïðîçîð³ñòü. Òâåðä³ñòü õ³ì³÷íà ñò³éê³ñòü, òåðìîñò³éê³ñòü. Êð³ì òîãî ñêëî ìຠâëàñòèâîñò³, ÿê³ çàëåæàòü â³ä éîãî ïðîçîðîñò³. Çàâäÿêè öüîìó ñêëî øèðîêî âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ìàéæå ó âñ³õ ãàëóçÿõ òåõí³êè, ìåäèöèí³, ó íàóêîâèõ äîñë³äæåííÿõ , òà ó ïîáóò³.

Ñêëî îòðèìóþòü øëÿõîì òåðì³÷íî¿ îáðîáêè øèõòè, ÿêà º ñóì³øøþ ïðèðîäíèõ àáî øòó÷íèõ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â. Øèõòó çàâàíòàæóþòü ó ï³÷, ³ ïðè âèçíà÷åí³é òåìïåðàòóð³ òà âèòðèìö³, îòðèìóþòü ðîçïëàâ – ñêëîìàñó. Ïðè îõîëîäæåíí³ ñêëîìàñè â‘ÿçê³ñòü ¿¿ çðîñòàº, ùî íàäຠìîæëèâ³ñòü ôîðìóâàòè âèðîáè øëÿõîì âèäóâàííÿ, ïðîêàòêè, âèòÿãóâàííÿ, ïðåñóâàííÿ ÷è ïðåñîâèäóâàííÿ.

 çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä ïðàêòè÷íîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ ñêëÿíèõ âèðîá³â çì³íþºòüñÿ õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä ñêëà, ôîðìà, ðîçì³ðè, òà ñïîñ³á ¿õ âèãîòîâëåííÿ.

Ñó÷àñíà ñêëÿíà ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòü âèãîòîâëÿº íàéð³çíîìàí³òí³ø³ âèðîáè – ïðîìèñëîâå òà ïîáóòîâå  ëèñòîâå ñêëî, ñêëÿí³ òðóáè ³ ³çîëÿòîðè, ìåäè÷íå òà ïàðôóìåðíå ñêëî, òàðíå òà ñîðòîâå ñêëî, ï³íîñêëî, ñêëîâîëîêíî, ñèòàëè òà ³íøå.

Òàðíå ñêëî çàéìຠäîñèòü âåëèêó ÷àñòêó â³ä çàãàëüíîãî îᑺìó ïðîäóêö³¿, ùî âèãîòîâëÿþòü ñêëÿí³ çàâîäè. Öå â³äáóâàºòüñÿ òîìó, ùî òàðíå ñêëî âèêîðèñòîâóºòüñÿ äëÿ ôàñóâàííÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ òà òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ð³çíîìàí³òíèõ ð³äêèõ ïàñòîïîä³áíèõ òà òâåðäèõ ïðîäóêò³â.

Ïåðåâàãàìè ñêëÿíî¿ òàðè, ùî îáóìîâëþþòü øèðîêå ¿¿ âèêîðèñòàííÿ ó ð³çíîìàí³òíèõ ãàëóçÿõ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ òà â ïîáóò³ º: ã³ã³ºí³÷í³ñòü, ïðîçîð³ñòü, ìîæëèâ³ñòü âèãîòîâëåííÿ òàðè ð³çíîìàí³òíèõ ðîçì³ð³â òà ôîðìè, ìîæëèâ³ñòü ãåðìåòè÷íîãî çàêðèâàííÿ òà áàãàòîðàçîâîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ, äîñòóïíà ö³íà.

Ñêëî íå âèä³ëÿº øê³äëèâèõ ðå÷îâèí, íå ìຠçàïàõó, çàáåçïå÷óº òðèâàëå çáåð³ãàííÿ ïðîäóêò³â, äîáðå ìèºòüñÿ òà äåç³íô³êóºòüñÿ, ëåãêî óòèë³çóºòüñÿ, ìຠäîáð³ äåêîðàòèâí³ ìîæëèâîñò³. Êð³ì òîãî, ñêëÿíà ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòü çàáåçïå÷åíà íàéáàãàòøèìè ñèðîâèííèìè ðåñóðñàìè.

1. Àñî­ð­òè­ìåíò òà õà­ðà­ê­òå­ðè­ñ­òè­êà âè­ðî­á³â

Ñêëÿ­íó òà­ðó êëà­ñè­ô³­êó­þòü:

ïî ðîç­ì³­ðó øèé­êè;

ïî êî­ëüî­ðó ñêëà;

ïî òè­ïó øèé­êè;

ïî ïðè­çíà­÷åí­íþ.

Ïî ðîç­ì³­ðó øèé­êè ðîç­ð³­ç­íÿ­þòü âè­ðî­áè ç âó­çü­êîþ øèé­êîþ ( âíó­ò­ð³­øí³é ä³­à­ìåòð ãî­ð­ëè­÷­êà ìå­í­øå í³æ 30 ìì ) ³ âè­ðî­áè ç øè­ðî­êîþ øèé­êîþ ( âíó­ò­ð³­øí³é ä³­à­ìåòð ãî­ð­ëè­÷­êà á³­ëü­øå í³æ 30 ìì).

Òà­ðà ç âó­çü­êîþ øèé­êîþ âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­ºòü­ñÿ, ÿê ïðà­âè­ëî äëÿ ðîç­ëè­âó, çáå­ð³­ãàí­íÿ ³ òðàíñ­ïî­ð­òó­âàí­íÿ âèí (â òî­ìó ÷è­ñ­ë³ é øà­ì­ïàí­ñü­êèõ), ë³­êå­ðî – ãî­ð³­ë­÷à­íî¿ ïðî­äó­ê­ö³¿, ïè­âà, áåç­àë­êî­ãî­ëü­íèõ íà­ïî­¿â, ì³­íå­ðà­ëü­íèõ âîä, ñîê³â. Âèãîòîâëÿþòü âè­ðî­áè ç âó­çü­êîþ øèé­êîþ ì³­ñ­ò­ê³­ñ­òþ â³ä 50 äî 1000 ìë.  ðà­ç³ âè­íè­ê­íåí­íÿ ïî­òðå­áè ìî­æ­ëè­âå âè­ãî­òî­â­ëåí­íÿ òà­ðè ç âó­çü­êîþ øèé­êîþ ³í­øî¿ ì³­ñ­ò­êî­ñ­ò³, í³æ âêà­çà­í³. Äëÿ âè­ãî­òî­â­ëåí­íÿ âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­þòü áåç­êî­ëüî­ðî­âå, íà­ï³â­á³­ëå, òå­ì­íî – çå­ëå­íå, ³ æî­â­òî­ãà­ðÿ­÷å ñêëî.  ïëÿ­ø­êàõ âè­ãî­òî­â­ëå­íèõ ç áåç­êî­ëüî­ðî­âî­ãî ñêëà ïðè­ïó­ñ­êà­ºòü­ñÿ ñëà­á­ê³ êî­ëüî­ðî­â³ â³ä­ò³­í­êè: çå­ëå­íó­âà­òèé, áëà­êè­ò­íèé, æî­â­òó­âà­òèé òà ñ³­ðó­âà­òèé.  ïëÿ­ø­êàõ âè­ãî­òî­â­ëå­íèõ ç íà­ï³â­á³­ëî­ãî ñêëà ïðè­ïó­ñ­êà­þòü­ñÿ çå­ëå­í³, áëà­êè­ò­í³ ³ æî­â­òó­âà­ò³ â³ä­ò³­í­êè. Òà­ðà ç øè­ðî­êîþ øèé­êîþ âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­ºòü­ñÿ äëÿ ðîç­ôà­ñî­âó­âàí­íÿ, çáå­ð³­ãàí­íÿ òà òðàíñ­ïî­ð­òó­âàí­íÿ ð³­ä­êèõ, ïà­ñ­òî­ïî­ä³­á­íèõ òà òâå­ð­äèõ ðå­÷î­âèí. Øè­ðî­êî âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­ºòü­ñÿ ó õà­ð­÷î­â³é òà õ³­ì³­÷­í³é ïðî­ìè­ñ­ëî­âî­ñ­ò³. Âè­ãî­òî­â­ëÿ­þòü âè­ðî­áè ç øè­ðî­êîþ øèé­êîþ ì³­ñ­ò­ê³­ñ­òþ 500,700,1000,1500,2000,3000,5000 ìë, à òà­êîæ ì³­ñ­ò­ê³­ñ­òþ 10, 15, 20 ë³­ò­ð³â. Äëÿ âè­ãî­òó­âàí­íÿ òà­ðè ç øè­ðî­êîþ øèé­êîþ âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­þòü áåç­êî­ëüî­ðî­âå òà íà­ï³â­á³­ëå ñêëî.

Ïëÿ­ø­êà – öå ñïî­æè­â­÷à òà­ðà, íàé­÷à­ñ­ò³­øå - öè­ë³­í­ä­ðè­÷­íî¿ ôî­ð­ìè, ç ïëå­ñ­êó­âà­òèì àáî óâ³­ãíó­òèì äíîì, ç³ çâó­æå­íîþ øèé­êîþ, ä³­à­ìåòð ÿêî¿ çíà­÷­íî ìå­í­øå í³æ ä³­à­ìåòð êî­ð­ïó­ñà

Ïëÿøêè äëÿ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â âèãîòîâëÿþòü âåëèêèìè ïàðò³ÿìè, ÿêùî âèãîòîâëÿþòüñÿ ñòàíäàðòí³ ñåð³éí³ âèðîáè. Íàé÷àñò³øå âîíè º áàãàòî îáåðòîâèìè, òîáòî, áàãàòî ðàç³â ïðîõîäÿòü öèêë âèêîðèñòàííÿ: ðîçôàñîâêà, çáåð³ãàííÿ ïðîäóêòó, ïðîäàæ ïðîäóêòó, ïîâåðíåííÿ òàðè íà ïîâòîðíå âèêîðèñòàííÿ. Öåé öèêë ïðîõîäèòü ì³æ ï³äïðèºìñòâàìè õàð÷îâî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ òà òîðãîâèìè îðãàí³çàö³ÿìè. Ñêëÿí³ ïëÿøêè ïðèçíà÷åí³ äëÿ õàð÷îâèõ ð³äêèõ ïðîäóêò³â â³äïîâ³äàþòü ÄÑÒó 10117-91

Òàáëèöÿ 1.1 – òèïè, îñíîâí³ ïàðàìåòðè ³ ðîçì³ðè ñêëÿíèõ ïëÿøîê äëÿ õàð÷îâèõ ð³äèí [1]

òèï ïëÿøêè êîë³ð ñêëà ïëÿøêè

íîì³íàëüíà ì³ñòê³ñòü, ñì3

òèï â³í÷èêó ãîðëîâèíè
² Çåëåíèé, êîðè÷íåâèé íàï³âá³ëèé, áåçêîëüîðîâèé 700, 200 Ê
²² Çåëåíèé, áåçêîëüîðîâèé 740, 400 Ø àáî ÊÏØ
²²² Áåçêîëüîðîâèé

500,

200,

100

Ê

Ê

À àáî Â1

²V Áåçêîëüîðîâèé, íàï³âá³ëèé 500, 250 Ê
V Áåçêîëüîðîâèé 330 ÊÏ
VI Êîðè÷íåâèé 700 Â
VII Áåçêîëüîðîâèé, íàï³âá³ëèé, çåëåíèé 775 ÊÏ àáî Â
²Õ Áåçêîëüîðîâèé, íàï³âá³ëèé, çåëåíèé, êîðè÷íåâèé 544 Ê àáî Â
Áåçêîëüîðîâèé, íàï³âá³ëèé, çåëåíèé, êîðè÷íåâèé 500 ÊÏ
Çåëåíèé, êîðè÷íåâèé 330 ÊÏ
XI Áåçêîëüîðîâèé, íàï³âá³ëèé, êîðè÷íåâèé 200 ÊÏ
XII Áåçêîëüîðîâèé, çåëåíèé, 750, 500 Ê àáî Â
XIII Áåçêîëüîðîâèé, 750 Â

Òàáëèöÿ 1.2 – ïàðàìåòðè ïëÿøêè òèïó ²²² [1]

ì³ñòê³ñòü, ñì3 Ðîçì³ðè, ìì
Íîì³íàëüíà ïîâíà Í D

D1

h1

h2

h3

h4

d

d0

R1

R2

Ìàñà , ã
500 535±10 278±2 68,5±1,5 46 150 5 74 23 33 25.5 55 50 430
250 270±10 219,5±1,5 55±1 35 114 3 56 20 28 25.5 52 55 260

à)                                                                                  á)

                   

à – ïëÿøêà äëÿ õàð÷îâèõ ð³äèí òèïó ²²²;

á – ñòàíäàðòíèé òèï â³í÷èêó äëÿ ïëÿøêè òèïó ²²².

Ðèñóíîê 1.1. – ïëÿøêà òèïó ²²²

Âèìîãè ñòàíäàðòó

Ñòàíäàðòè âèçíà÷àþòü òèï, ðîçì³ðè âèðîá³â, òåõí³÷í³ óìîâè âèðîáíèöòâà òà ìåòîäè âèïðîáóâàíü. Âèìîãè ñòàíäàðò³â íåðîçðèâíî ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç ìîæëèâîñòÿìè ïðîìèñëîâîñò³, òà ïîòðåáàìè ñïîæèâà÷³â – õàð÷îâî¿ òà õ³ì³÷íî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³. Òàê âèïóñê ñêëîòàðè ñòàíäàðòíèõ ðîçì³ð³â äîçâîëÿº âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè óí³âåðñàëüí³ ôàñóâàëüí³ ìàøèíè, ìàøèíè äëÿ çàêóïîðêè ïëÿøîê òà áàíîê. Áóëî ç’ÿñîâàíî, ùî áàíêè, ÿê³ ðîçêîëþþòüñÿ àáî òð³ñêàþòüñÿ ïî øâàõ ïðè çàêóïîðö³ ìàþòü â³äõèëåííÿ â³ä âñòàíîâëåíèõ ñòàíäàðòîì ìåæ. Ðîçì³ðè òàðè ïîâèíí³ âðàõîâóâàòèñÿ ìàøèíîáóä³âíèêàìè ïðè ïðîåêòóâàíí³ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷èõ ìàøèí ³ îáëàäíàííÿ õàð÷îâèõ âèðîáíèöòâ, ïðè âèêîðèñòàíí³ ñêëîòàðè íà ï³äïðèºìñòâàõ õàð÷îâî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ ³ ó òîðã³âë³. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, ñòàíäàðòèçàö³ÿ ñêëîòàðè ìຠì³æãàëóçåâèé õàðàêòåð.

Ðîçì³ðè ñêëîòàðè ð³çíîìàí³òí³. Äëÿ ïèâà, ì³íåðàëüíèõ âîä, áåçàëêîãîëüíèõ íàïî¿â ³ ñîê³â âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ïëÿøêè ð³çíî¿ ôîðìè. Âîíè â³äð³çíÿþòüñÿ ãðàíè÷íèìè ìàêñèìàëüíèìè ðîçì³ðàìè (ïî ä³àìåòðó êîðïóñà òà ïî âèñîò³) ïîêàçíèêàìè íîì³íàëüíî¿ ³ ïîâíî¿ ì³ñòêîñò³ ³ âàãè. Ïëÿøêè äëÿ õàð÷îâèõ ð³äèí âèïóñêàþòü çà âèìîãàìè ÄÑÒó – 21-6-74 , ÄÑÒó 10117-91, ÒÓ - 21-23-45-74, ÒÓ - 21-23-49-74, ÒÓ – 18-23-13-74, ÒÓ - 21-23-68-75, ÒÓ - 21-23-10.63-75, òà ³íøèì ãàëóçåâèì ñòàíäàðòàì ³ òåõí³÷íèì óìîâàì.

Òåõí³÷í³ óìîâè ³ ìåòîäè âèïðîáóâàííÿ ñêëÿíèõ ïëÿøîê âèçíà÷àþòüñÿ ÄÑÒó – 13906-68 „Ïëÿøêè äëÿ õàð÷îâèõ ð³äèí. Òåõí³÷í³ óìîâè”, ÄÑÒ – 21-6-74 „ ïëÿøêè äëÿ ãîð³ëêè, ë³êåðî-ãîð³ë÷àíèõ âèðîá³â ³ øàìïàíñüêèõ âèí, ùî ïîñòà÷àþòüñÿ íà åêñïîðò, ñòàíäàðòîì ÑÅ „Áàíêè ³ ïëÿøêè ñêëÿí³ äëÿ êîíñåðâ³â. Òåõí³÷í³ óìîâè”.

Ïëÿøêè êëàñèô³êóþòü çà ïðèçíà÷åííÿì ó ñòàíäàðòàõ, ùî âèçíà÷àþòü ¿õ òèï ³ ðîçì³ð.

Ñêëî äëÿ ïëÿøîê ïîâèííî áóòè ïðîçîðèì ³ ìàòè òîé êîë³ð, ÿêèé âèçíà÷åíèé ñòàíäàðòîì.  ïëÿøêàõ ³ç áåçáàðâíîãî ñêëà ïðèïóñêàþòüñÿ ñëàáê³ êîëüîðîâ³ â³äò³íêè: çåëåíóâàòèé, áëàêèòíèé, æîâòèé. Çàáàðâëåí³ ïëÿøêè ìîæóòü ìàòè ñëàáê³ â³äì³ííîñò³ ïî êîëüîðó çà ðàõóíîê ð³çíîòîâùèííîñò³ ñò³íîê òà äíà ïëÿøêè. Îö³íêà êîëüîðó ìîæå ïðîâîäèòèñÿ ïî åòàëîíàì, ùî óçãîäæåííÿ ì³æ ïîñòà÷àëüíèêîì òà ïîêóïöåì.

Äåôåêòè ñêëà ïëÿøîê.

Íà ïîâåðõí³ ³ ó òîâù³ ñêëà íå äîïóñêàþòüñÿ: çâèëèíà, ÿêà â³ä÷óâàºòüñÿ íà äîòèê; ïðîõ³äí³ ïîñ³÷êè; ïðèëèâè ñêëà; ð³æó÷³ øâè ³ çàäèðêè; ùåðáèíè ³ â³äêîëè; ÷àñòêè çàêðèñòàë³çîâàíîãî ñêëà; ñòîðîíí³ âêëþ÷åííÿ, ÿê³ ìàþòü íàâêîëî ñåáå ïîñ³÷êè òà òð³ùèíè àáî íàâêîëî ÿêèõ âîíè ìîæóòü âèíèêàòè ïðè ëåãêîìó ïîñòóêóâàíí³ ïî âêëþ÷åííÿì ìåòàëåâèì ñòðèæíåì; â³äêðèò³ áóëüáàøêè òà áóëüáàøêè, ÿê³ ìîæíà ïðîäàâèòè âñ³õ ðîçì³ð³â; ëóæí³ áóëüáàøêè, ÿê³ âêðèò³ çñåðåäèíè á³ëóâàòèì íàëüîòîì; ïëÿìè çìàùåííÿ ôîðì, ùî íå çìèâàþòüñÿ; „ìîøêà» ó âèãëÿä³ ñêóï÷åíü.

Äåôåêòè âèðîáêè.

Íå äîïóñêàþòüñÿ íà çîâí³øí³é ïîâåðõí³ ïëÿøîê ð³çêî âèðàæåí³: çìîðøêè, ïîêîâàí³ñòü ïîâåðõí³, ïîòåðòîñò³, ñë³äè â³äð³çó íîæèöÿìè ³ ïîäâ³éí³ øâè. Ïîâåðõíÿ ïîâèííà áóòè ãëàäêîþ. Íà âíóòð³øí³é ïîâåðõí³ ïëÿøêè äîïóñêàºòüñÿ íåçíà÷íà õâèëÿñò³ñòü, ÿêà íåïîì³òíà ïðè çàïîâíåíí³ ïëÿøêè âîäîþ.

ßê³ñòü â³äïàëó.

ßê³ñòü â³äïàëó, ÿêà îö³íþºòüñÿ ïî ê³ëüêîñò³ çàëèøêîâèõ âíóòð³øí³õ íàïðóæåíü òà ïî ¿õ ðîçïîä³ëåíí³ ó âèðîá³, âèçíà÷ຠåêñïëóàòàö³éíó íàä³éí³ñòü ñêëÿíî¿ òàðè. Ïîãàíèé â³äïàë ïðèâîäèòü äî çíèæåííÿ òåðìîñò³éêîñò³ ³ ìåõàí³÷íî¿ ì³öíîñò³ òàðè, à ÷àñòî äî ¿¿ ñàìîâ³ëüíîãî ðóéíóâàííÿ áåç çîâí³øíüîãî âïëèâó.

Òåðìîñò³éê³ñòü.

Ñêëÿí³ ïëÿøêè ïîâèíí³ âèòðèìóâàòè ïåðåïàäè òåìïåðàòóðè, ÿê³ âèíèêàþòü ï³ä÷àñ âèêîðèñòàííÿ. Ñêëîòàðà ïîâèííà âòðèìóâàòè ïåðåïàäè òåìïåðàòóð äî 45-600.

Õ³ì³÷íà ñò³éê³ñòü.

Ïîêàçíèêè âîäîñò³éêîñò³ ïëÿøîê, ïðè äîñë³äæåíí³ ïîâåðõí³ ïëÿøîê ìåòîäîì âèëóæóâàííÿ ïîâåðõí³, íå ïîâèíí³ ïåðåâèùóâàòè çàçíà÷åíèõ â ÄÑÒ 13906-68. Ñêëàä òàðíîãî ñêëà çàãàëüíîãî ïðèçíà÷åííÿ â³äíîñÿòüñÿ ïî õ³ì³÷í³é ñò³éêîñò³ äî ²²² ã³äðîë³òè÷íîãî êëàñó; ñêëî äî ÿêîãî ïðåä’ÿâëÿþòüñÿ ï³äâèùåíí³ âèìîãè, â³äíîñÿòüñÿ äî ²² ã³äðîë³òè÷íîãî êëàñó. Ñêëî ìåäè÷íîãî ïðèçíà÷åííÿ çâè÷àéíî â³äíîñèòüñÿ äî ² ã³äðîë³òè÷íîãî êëàñó.

Ïðîçîð³ñòü ñêëà ñïîæèâ÷î¿ òàðè îö³íþºòüñÿ ó á³ëüøîñò³ ñòàíäàðò³â ò³ëüêè ÿê³ñíî.

 ðÿä³ âèìîã, ùî âèñóâàþòüñÿ äî ñêëîòàðè ç òî÷êè çîðó ÿêîñò³ ¿¿ âèðîáêè îñîáëèâå çíà÷åííÿ ìàþòü âèìîãè äî òî÷íîñò³ âèêîíàííÿ ãåîìåòðè÷íèõ ðîçì³ð³â. Ïðè ÷îìó òî÷íèìè ðîçì³ðàìè ïîâèíí³ áóòè ò³, â³ä ÿêèõ çàëåæèòü ðîáîòà ìèþ÷èõ ìàøèí òà ìàøèí äëÿ íàïîâíåííÿ òà çàêóïîðêè.

Ñòàíäàðòè ÿê³ ä³þòü íà òåðèòî𳿠ÑÍÄ â³äð³çíÿþòüñÿ â³ä ä³þ÷èõ ó ªâðîï³.

2. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñèðîâèíè

Ñêëÿíà òàðà ìຠð³çíîìàí³òíå ïðèçíà÷åííÿ, òîìó äî ñêëà, ç ÿêîãî âîíà âèãîòîâëÿºòüñÿ ïðåä’ÿâëÿþòüñÿ ïåâí³ âèìîãè. Êîìïëåêñ ô³çèêî – õ³ì³÷íèõ âëàñòèâîñòåé, íåîáõ³äíèõ äëÿ ñêëîòàðè, çàäîâîëüíÿºòüñÿ, â îñíîâíîìó ïðè âèêîðèñòàíí³ ñêëà ëóæíîñèë³êàòíîãî ñêëàäó. Îêðåì³ âèäè ñêëîòàðè ìåäè÷íîãî ïðèçíà÷åííÿ âèãîòîâëÿþòü ç áîðîñèë³êàòíîãî ñêëà.

Ñêëàä òàðíîãî ñêëà ïðèçíà÷åíîãî äëÿ ìåõàí³çîâàíîãî âèðîáëåííÿ ìàñîâèõ âèðîá³â, ïî âì³ñòó îñíîâíèõ êîìïîíåíò³â ìîæíà ââàæàòè ñòàá³ë³çîâàíèì. Äåÿê³ â³äì³ííîñò³ ñêëàä³â ñêëà ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç âèäîì ñêëîòàðè, ñïîñîáîì ¿¿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ òà ïðèçíà÷åííÿì. Ìîæëèâèì º çàñòîñóâàííÿ äîáàâîê äåÿêèõ îêñèä³â àáî çì³íà ¿õ ñïîëó÷åííÿ äëÿ ïîë³ïøåííÿ åêñïëóàòàö³éíèõ ³ òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ âëàñòèâîñòåé ñêëà.

Îñíîâí³ îêñèäè, ùî óòâîðþþòü ñêëî (ïðè âèãîòîâëåíí³ òàðè), ì³ñòÿòüñÿ â íüîìó â íàñòóïíèõ ê³ëüêîñòÿõ, (ìàñ. %)

Òàáëèöÿ 2.1 – õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä çàáàðâëåíîãî ñêëà[3].

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

ÑàÎ+MgÎ

Na2O

SO3

Cr2O3

çåëåíå 71,2 1,8 0,3 12,2 14,2 0,3 0,15
îëèâêîâå 71,2 1,8 0,3 12,2 14,2 0,3 0,1
êîðè÷íåâå 71,2 2,8 0,5 11 14,2 0,3 0
â³äõèëåííÿ, % ±0,5 ±0,5 ±0,04 ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,02 ±0,02

Âì³ñò ëóæíèõ îêñèä³â çá³ëüøóºòüñÿ ïðè âèðîáëåíí³ íà âèäóâíèõ àâòîìàòè÷íèõ ìàøèíàõ äð³áíî¿ ñêëîòàðè ì³ñòê³ñòþ äî 200 ìë, à òàêîæ ñêëîòàðè ç äð³áíîþ ð³çüáîþ íà ãîðë³ ï³ä ãâèíòîâèé êîâïà÷îê.

²íîä³ ïðè ôîðìóâàíí³ âóçüêîãîðëî¿ ñêëîòàðè çìåíøóþòü âì³ñò MgO äî 0,8 – 1,5%. Çìåíøåííÿ âì³ñòó MgO äî 0,8 – 1,5% ó ñêëàä³ ñêëà çíèæóº ñõèëüí³ñòü ñêëîìàñè äî êðèñòàë³çàö³¿ â òåìïåðàòóðíîìó ³íòåðâàë³ ôîðìóâàííÿ, ùî îñîáëèâî â³ä÷óâàºòüñÿ â ñêëàä³ ñêëà ç ï³äâèùåíèì âì³ñòîì Al2O3.

Ïðè âàð³íí³ áåçêîëüîðîâîãî ñêëà äîðå÷íî çàì³íèòè ÷àñòèíó Na2O (äî 3%) íà Ê2Î, ùî øèðîêî âèêîðèñòîâóºòüñÿ íà ïðîâ³äíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâàõ. Öå óòâîðþº ó ñêë³ åôåêò äâîõ ëóã³â, ÿêèé äîçâîëÿº îòðèìàòè ï³äâèùåííÿ õ³ì³÷íî¿ ñò³éêîñò³ ñêëà òà ïîë³ïøèòè òåõíîëîã³÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³ ïðè ï³äâèùåíîìó âì³ñò³ ëóæíèõ îêñèä³â.

2.1. Ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè äëÿ ââåäåííÿ SiO2.

Êâàðöîâèé ï³ñîê.

Êâàðöîâèé ï³ñîê ÿâëÿºòüñÿ îñíîâíèì ìàòåð³àëîì äëÿ ââåäåííÿ â ñêëî SiO2. ßê³ñòü êâàðöîâîãî ï³ñêà âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ âì³ñòîì â íüîìó êðåìíåçåìó òà äîì³øîê. Êâàðöîâ³ ï³ñêè âèñîêî¿ ÿêîñò³ ïîâèíí³ ì³ñòèòè 99 – 99,8% êðåìíåçåìó òà 1 – 0,2% äîì³øîê. Çâè÷àéíî â êâàðöîâîìó ï³ñêó ì³ñòèòüñÿ äîì³øêè ð³çíîìàí³òíèõ ì³íåðàë³â: ìàãíåçèòó, ïîëüîâîãî øïàòó, êàîë³íó, êàðáîíàò³â êàëüö³þ,  ìàãí³þ òà ³í. Äëÿ áåçêîëüîðîâîãî ñêëà íàéá³ëüø øê³äëèâèìè äîì³øêàìè º ñïîëó÷åííÿ çàë³çà, ÿê³ ôàðáóþòü ñêëî â çåëåíèé àáî æîâòèé êîë³ð. Ïðè òåìïåðàòóðàõ âàð³ííÿ ñêëà ñò³éêèìè º äâ³ ôîðìè: Fe2O3 òà FeO, ïðè ÷îìó, ¿õ âïëèâ íà êîë³ð ñêëà ð³çíèé. Fe2O3 íàäຠñêëó æîâòîãî êîëüîðó, à FeO íàäຠñèí³é. ²íòåíñèâí³ñòü â³äò³íêó, ÿêèé íàäຠäâîõâàëåíòíå çàë³çî ó 15 á³ëüøå í³æ òðüîõâàëåíòíå, à ïðè÷èíîþ ïîÿâè çåëåíîãî êîëüîðó º òå, ùî ó ñêë³ îäíî÷àñíî ìîæóòü ³ñíóâàòè îáèäâ³ îêñèäí³ ôîðìè.  çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä òîãî, ÿêà ôîðìà ïåðåâàæຠñêëî íàáóâຠâ³äïîâ³äíîãî æîâòóâàòî çåëåíîãî, àáî ñèíþâàòî çåëåíîãî êîëüîðó Êð³ì ñïîëó÷åíü çàë³çà ï³ñîê ìîæå ì³ñòèòè íàñòóïí³ ôàðáóþ÷è îêñèäè: Cr2O3 òà Ò²Î2.

Ó âèðîáíèöòâ³ ð³çíîìàí³òíèõ âèä³â ñêëîòàðè äîçâîëÿºòüñÿ âì³ñò îêñèä³â çàë³çà â ï³ñêó (â%):äëÿ áåçêîëüîðîâî¿ ñêëîòàðè äî 0,1 äëÿ íàï³âá³ëî¿ ñêëîòàðè äî 0,3. Äëÿ âèðîáíèöòâà ñêëîòàðè, îñîáëèâî ïîôàðáîâàíî¿ â çåëåíèé êîë³ð, âì³ñò îêñèä³â çàë³çà íå íîðìóºòüñÿ òà ó çâ’ÿçêó ç öèì ÷àñòî âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ ï³ñêè, âèäîáóòîê ÿêèõ ìîæíà îðãàí³çóâàòè íåïîäàë³ê â³ä ñêëÿíîãî çàâîäó. Ðîçì³ðè çåðåí ï³ñêó, òà îñîáëèâî ê³ëüê³ñíå â³äíîøåííÿ çåðåí ïî ðîçì³ðàì, äóæå âàæëèâî âðàõîâóâàòè ïðè âàð³íí³ ñêëà. Ó âèïàäêó âèêîðèñòàííÿ îäíîð³äíèõ çà ðîçì³ðàìè çåðåí ï³ñêó äîñÿãàºòüñÿ ð³âíîì³ðíå ¿õ ðîç÷èíåííÿ ç óòâîðåííÿì ãîìîãåííîãî ðîçïëàâó. Ó âèðîáíèöòâ³ ñêëîòàðè áàæàíî âæèâàòè òàê³ êâàðöîâ³ ï³ñêè, â ÿêèõ âì³ñò ôðàêö³¿ ðîçì³ðîì 0,2 – 0,5ìì ñêëàäຠ85-90%. Áàæàíî âæèâàòè äð³áíèé, ç ãîñòðîêóòíîþ ôîðìîþ çåðåí, ï³ñîê òîìó, ùî â öüîìó ðàç³ çíà÷íî ï³äâèùóºòüñÿ øâèäê³ñòü ðîç÷èíåííÿ çàâäÿêè çá³ëüøåííþ ðåàêö³éíî¿ ïîâåðõí³. Öå â ñâîþ ÷åðãó ïðèñêîðþº ïðîöåñ âàð³ííÿ.

Õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä ï³ñêó(ìàñ. %):

SiO2 – 98,64;

Al2O3 – 0,44;

Fe2O3 – 0,65;

â.ï.ï. – 0,21;

âàæêà ôðàêö³ÿ – 0,54.

ϳñîê â³äïîâ³äຠÄÑÒó 22551-77.

2.2. Ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè äëÿ ââåäåííÿ Al2O3.

Äîäàâàííÿ Al2O3 â ïåâíèõ ê³ëüêîñòÿõ ó ñêëàä ñêëà ñïðèÿº çíèæåííþ ÊÒÐ ñêëà, ï³äâèùóº ìåõàí³÷íó òà òåðì³÷íó âèòðèâàë³ñòü, ïîë³ïøóº êðèñòàë³çàö³éí³ âëàñòèâîñò³. À²2Î3 ââîäÿòü ó ñêëàä ñêëà çà äîïîìîãîþ òåõí³÷íîãî îêñèäó àëþì³í³þ, ã³äðîîêñèäó àëþì³í³þ, ïîëüîâèõ øïàò³â, êàîë³í³â òà ³í. Êð³ì òîãî ìîæíà çàñòîñîâóâàòè â³äõîäè ã³ðíè÷î-çáàãà÷óâàëüíèõ ôàáðèê, ïîëåâîøïàòíîãî òà íåôåë³íîâîãî êîíöåíòðàò³â. Äëÿ ââåäåííÿ À²2Î3 òàêîæ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ïåãìàòèòè.

Ïåãìàòèòè óÿâëÿþòü ñîáîþ ïðèðîäíó ñóì³ø ïîëüîâèõ øïàò³â òà îêñèäó êðåìåíþ. Âì³ñò îêñèäó àëþì³í³þ â íèõ ìîæå äîñÿãàòè 20-22%. Ó âèãëÿä³ ñóïóòí³õ äîì³øîê ó ïåãìàòèòàõ çóñòð³÷àþòüñÿ îêñèäè çàë³çà, ëóæíîçåìåëüíèõ ìåòàë³â, òèòàíó. Íà ð³çíèöþ â³ä ïîëüîâèõ øïàò³â, â ïåãìàòèòàõ îêñèäè çàë³çà ì³ñòÿòüñÿ ó âèãëÿä³ êðóïíîêðèñòàë³÷íèõ âêëþ÷åíü, ³ ëåãøå ï³ääàþòüñÿ â³ää³ëåííþ â³ä îñíîâíî¿ ïîðîäè. Al2O3 ââîäèìî êàîë³íîì, ùî â³äïîâ³äຠÄÑÒó 19609,0-89.

Êàîë³í ìຠíàñòóïíèé õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä(ìàñ. %):

Al2O3 – 36,7;

Fe2O3 – 0,52;

CaO – 1,18;

MgO – 0;

SiO2 – 46,35;

â.ï.ï. – 14,74;

âîëîãà – 0,51.

2.3. Ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè äëÿ âåäåííÿ îêñèä³â ëóæíîçåìåëüíèõ ìåòàë³â

Ìàòåð³àëè, ùî óòðèìóþòü êàëüö³é.

Îêñèä êàëüö³þ ïðèñêîðþº ðåàêö³¿ ñèë³êàòîóòâîðåííÿ, ñïðèÿº ïîëåãøåííþ âàð³ííÿ òà îñâ³òëåííÿ, ïîë³ïøóº âèðîáêó ñêëîìàñè, ï³äâèùóº éîãî õ³ì³÷íó ñò³éê³ñòü.

Îêñèä êàëüö³þ ââîäÿòü ó ñêëî çà äîïîìîãîþ âóãëåêèñëèõ ñîëåé CaO –1,18, MgO -0, ÿê³ ì³ñòÿòü 56% ÑàÎ òà 44% ÑÎ2. íà ï³äïðèºìñòâàõ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ì³íåðàëüí³ ð³çíîâèäè âóãëåêèñëîãî êàëüö³þ. Ñåðåä íèõ êðåéäà, âàïíÿê, ìàðìóð òà âàïíÿêîâèé øïàò.  öèõ ì³íåðàëàõ ì³ñòèòüñÿ äî 90-98% ÑàÑÎ3,à âñå ³íøå –äîì³øêè.

Îêñèä êàëüö³þ ââîäèìî êðåéäîþ, õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä ÿêî¿ â³äïîâ³äຠÄÑÒó 12085-88.

Êðåéäà Ñëàâ’ÿíñüêîãî ðîäîâèùà ìຠíàñòóïíèé õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä(ìàñ. %):

ΣÑàÑÎ3*MgÑÎ3 – 96,55;

ÑàÑÎ3 – 95,51;

MgÑÎ3 – 1,04;

Fe2O3 – 0,03;

âîëîãà – 0,07.

Êðåéäà Áºëãîðîäñüêîãî ðîäîâèùà:

ΣÑàÑÎ3*MgÑÎ3 – 96,65;

ÑàÑÎ3 – 95,65;

MgÑÎ3 – 1,00;

Fe2O3 – 0,02;

âîëîãà – 0,08.

Ìàòåð³àëè, ùî óòðèìóþòü ìàãí³é.

Îêñèä ìàãí³þ ñïðèÿº ïîë³ïøåííþ êðèñòàë³çàö³éíèõ âëàñòèâîñòåé ñêëà, çíèæåííþ ÊÒÐ, ï³äâèùåííþ ìåõàí³÷íî¿ âèòðèâàëîñò³. Ïðè îäíî÷àñíîìó ââåäåíí³ Al2O3 òà MgO ïîë³ïøóºòüñÿ âèðîáëåííÿ ñêëà, ï³äâèùóºòüñÿ éîãî õ³ì³÷íà ñò³éê³ñòü.  ÿêîñò³ ñèðîâèíè äëÿ ââåäåííÿ MgO çâè÷àéíî âèêîðèñòîâóþòü äîëîì³ò - ÑàÑÎ3*MgÑÎ3– ïðèðîäí³é ïîäâ³éíèé êàðáîíàò êàëüö³þ òà ìàãí³þ. Äîëîì³ò öå ã³ðñüêà ïîðîäà, òîìó êð³ì ÑàÑÎ3 ³ MgÑÎ3 óí³é ì³ñòÿòüñÿ äîì³øêè SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3. â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä âèäó òà êîíöåíòðàö³¿ äîì³øîê, äîëîì³ò ìîæå íàáóâàòè æîâòîãî, áóðîãî àáî ñ³ðîãî êîëüîðó. Ïðèïóñòèìèé âì³ñò îêñèä³â çàë³çà, ïðè âèãîòîâëåíí³ òàðíîãî ñêëà, ñêëàäຠíå á³ëüøå í³æ 0,05%

Ó ÷èñòîìó âèãëÿä³ äîëîì³ò ì³ñòèòü 30,4% CaO, 21,9 MgO òà 47,7% ÑO2. Ïðèðîäí³ äîëîì³òè çàâæäè ì³ñòÿòü äîì³øêè ï³ñêó, ãëèíîçåìó ³ çàë³çà. Òîìó ïîñò³éí³ñòü ñêëàäó òà ì³í³ìàëüíèé âì³ñò øê³äëèâèõ äîì³øîê ìຠäóæå âàæëèâå çíà÷åííÿ ïðè âèãîòîâëåíí³ áåçáàðâíî¿ òàðè. Ó ÿêîñò³ ìàòåð³àë³â çà äîïîìîãîþ ÿêèõ ìîæíà ââåñòè MgO ³íîä³ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ( çà óìîâè ïîñò³éíîñò³ õ³ì³÷íîãî ñêëàäó ) ìàãíåçèò MgÑÎ3, äîëîì³òèçîâàíèé âàïíÿê òà ³í. MgO ââîäèìî äîëîì³òîì ÄÑÒó23673,0-79.

Äîëîì³ò Äîêó÷àºâñüêèé(ìàñ. %).

CaO – 34,69;

MgO – 13,64;

Al2O3 – 0,51;

Fe2O3 – 0.24;

SiO2 – 4,4.

Äîëîì³ò Íîâîòðî¿öüêèé

CaO – 37,82;

MgO – 14,75;

Al2O3 – 0,58;

Fe2O3 – 0.11;

SiO2 – 2,14.

2.4. Ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè äëÿ âåäåííÿ îêñèä³â ëóæíèõ ìåòàë³â

Ìàòåð³àëè, ùî ì³ñòÿòü íàòð³é.

Îñíîâíèìè ìàòåð³àëàìè äëÿ ââåäåííÿ ó ñêëî îêñèäó íàòð³þ º ñîäà òà ñóëüôàò. Ó âèãîòîâëåíí³ ñêëà â ÿêîñò³ îñíîâíîãî ñèðîâèííîãî ìàòåð³àëó, ùî ì³ñòèòü ëóãè, âèêîðèñòîâóþòü êàëüöèíîâàíó ñîäó, ÿêà ì³ñòèòü 58,5 Na2O òà 41,5 ÑO2. òåìïåðàòóðà ïëàâëåííÿ ñîäè 8510Ñ. òåõí³÷íà ñîäà äëÿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ ñêëà ïîâèííà óòðèìóâàòè íå ìåíø í³æ 95% Na2ÑO3 ³ íå á³ëüø í³æ 1% Na2Ѳ. Ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü, ÿê çàì³ñíèê ñîäè òîìó, ùî â³í ìåíø äåô³öèòíèé ³ á³ëüø äåøåâèé. Ïðè âàð³íí³ ñêëà ñóëüôàò âàæêî ³ ïîâ³ëüíî ðîçêëàäàºòüñÿ. Ñóëüôàò, ùî íå ðîçêëàâñÿ, íåïîâí³ñòþ çàñâîþºòüñÿ ñêëîìàñîþ, ³ çà ðàõóíîê òîãî, ùî â³í ìຠìåíøó ù³ëüí³ñòü, âèïëèâຠíà ïîâåðõíþ, óòâîðþþ÷è ëóã. Äëÿ òîãî, ùîá ïîëåãøèòè ðîçêëàäåííÿ ñóëüôàòó ³ ïîïåðåäèòè ïîÿâó ëóãó, â øèõòó ââîäÿòü â³äíîâëþâà÷ (âóãëåöü) ó âèãëÿä³ âóã³ëëÿ, êîêñó, àíòðàöèòó, äåðåâèííîãî âóã³ëëÿ òà ³í.

Na2O ââîäÿòü çà äîïîìîãîþ ñóëüôàòó â ê³ëüêîñòÿõ, ÿê³ çàëåæàòü â³ä ïðèçíà÷åííÿ òà ñïîñîáó âèãîòîâëåííÿ ñêëîòàðè. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, ïðè âèãîòîâëåíí³ çàáàðâëåíèõ ïëÿøîê çà äîïîìîãîþ ñóëüôàòó ââîäèòüñÿ 30% Na2O, ³ âèãîòîâëåíí³ íàï³âá³ëèõ ïëÿøîê – 25% Na2O, ó âèðîáíèöòâ³ áåçáàðâíèõ ïëÿøîê – 5% Na2O.

Îêñèä íàòð³þ ÷àñòêîâî ìîæíà ââåñòè çà äîïîìîãîþ ã³ðíè÷èõ ïîð³ä, ÿê³ âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ äëÿ ââåäåííÿ ³íøèõ îñíîâíèõ îêñèä³â, ùî óòâîðþþòü ñêëî, íàïðèêëàä Al2O3 (íåôåë³íè, òðàõ³òè, ïîëüîâ³ øïàòè, òà ³í.).

Îêñèäè ëóæíèõ ìåòàë³â ââîäèìî çà äîïîìîãîþ ñîäè ÄÑÒó 5100-85 òà ÷àñòêîâî ñóëüôàòó.

Ñîäà ìຠíàñòóïíèé õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä(ìàñ. %):

Na2ÑO3>99,2 (ï³ñëÿ ïðîæàðåííÿ);

Ѳ-<0.5;

â.ï.ï.<0,8.

Ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ ÎÀÎ „Âîëæñêèé îðõèíäîç”

ÒÓ-21-249-0020416892.

Na2SO4 – 99,4%.

Ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ ÂÀÒ ”×åðêàñüêå õ³ìâîëîêíî”

ÒÓÓ 6-13697008 006-95.

Na2SO4 – 99,6%.

2.5. Ñêëîá³é

Ðàí³øå ³ñíóâàëà äóìêà, ùî äëÿ ïîë³ïøåííÿ ïðîöåñó âàð³ííÿ òà ï³äâèùåííÿ ÿêîñò³ ñêëà íåîáõ³äíèì º ââåäåííÿ ó øèõòó ïåâíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ñêëîáîþ, àëå öå óÿâëåííÿ íå çíàéøëî äîñòàòíüîãî ïðàêòè÷íîãî ï³äòâåðäæåííÿ. Òîìó òåïåð ê³ëüê³ñòü áîþ, ùî ââîäèòüñÿ ó øèõòó, âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ ëèøå ê³ëüê³ñòþ â³äõîä³â. Ðàçîì ç öèì, ââåäåííÿ ñêëîáîþ á³ëüøå í³æ 40% çâàðåíî¿ ñêëîìàñè, º íåäîö³ëüíèì, òîìó, ùî çì³íþþòüñÿ äåÿê³ âëàñòèâîñò³ ñêëà, ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç éîãî òåïëîâèì ìèíóëèì. Ñêëîá³é ïîâèíåí òî÷íî â³äïîâ³äàòè çàäàíîìó õ³ì³÷íîìó ñêëàäó ñêëà, íå ïîâèíåí ì³ñòèòè çàáðóäíþþ÷è äîì³øêè. Ðîçì³ð êóñê³â ñêëîáîþ ïîâèíåí áóòè íå á³ëüøå 80-100 ìì [3].


4. Îïèñ òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ïðîöåñó òà ô³çèêî – õ³ì³÷íèõ îñíîâ ïðîöåñó

4.1. Ñêëàäóâàííÿ òà çáåð³ãàííÿ ñèðîâèíè[4]

Êîæåí âèä ñèðîâèíè ïîâèíåí çáåð³ãàòèñÿ â óìîâàõ, êîòð³ âèêëþ÷àþòü éîãî çàáðóäíåííÿ àáî çì³øóâàííÿ ð³çíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â. Ñêëàäè ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ³ ñêëàäàëüí³ öåõè ðîçòàøîâóþòüñÿ â îäí³é áóä³âë³, ÿêà ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç òðüîõ ïðèì³ùåíü:                                                                                 ñêëà­äó ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â, ùî ïå­ðå­âî­çÿòü­ñÿ â òà­ð³;                                                                                         ñêëàäó ìàòåð³àë³â, ùî ïåðåâîçÿòüñÿ íàâàëîì;                                                                       ñêëàäàëüíîãî öåõó ç â³ää³ëåííÿìè, ï³äãîòîâêè êîìïîíåíò³â ³ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ øèõòè.

Ñêëàä ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â, ùî ï³ä­âî­çÿòü­ñÿ íà­âà­ëîì, îá­ëà­ä­íà­íèé ãðåé­ôå­ð­íèì êðà­íîì òà çà­ë³­ç­íè­÷­íîþ êî­ë³º­þ. Ñè­ðî­âè­íó ðîç­âà­í­òà­æó­þòü çà äî­ïî­ìî­ãîþ ìå­õà­í³­÷­íèõ çàâàíòàæóâà÷³â ó òðà­í­øåþ ñêëà­äó.

Ñêëàä ðîç­ä³­ëå­íèé ï³ä­ï³­ð­íè­ìè ñò³­íà­ìè íà â³ä­ñ³­êè ïî ÷è­ñ­ëó ñè­ðî­âèí­íèõ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â. Ãðåé­ôå­ð­íèìè êðà­íàìè ìà­òå­ð³­à­ëè ïå­ðå­ì³­ùó­þòü­ñÿ ç òðà­í­øå¿ ó â³ä­ñ³ê ñêëà­äó àáî áåç­ïî­ñå­ðå­ä­íüî ó â³ä­ïî­â³­ä­íèé ïðè­éìà­ëü­íèé áó­í­êåð.

Ñêëàä ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â, ùî ïî­ñòà­â­ëÿ­þòü­ñÿ ó òà­ð³ º ïðî­äî­â­æåí­íÿì ñêëà­äó ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â, ùî ïî­ñòà­â­ëÿ­þòü­ñÿ íà­âà­ëîì. ϳä­ëî­ãà ñêëà­äó ðîç­òà­øî­âà­íà íà ð³­â­í³ çà­ë³­ç­íè­÷­íèõ ðå­éîê, ùî ââå­äå­íà ó ïðè­ì³­ùåí­íÿ ñêëà­äó. ̳­ø­êè ðîç­âà­í­òà­æó­þòü­ñÿ ³ óêëà­äóòü­ñÿ â øòà­áå­ë³ çà äî­ïî­ìî­ãîþ ìå­õà­í³­÷­íî­ãî íà­âà­í­òà­æó­âà­÷à. Âè­ñî­òà óêëà­äàí­íÿ ì³­ø­ê³â äî­ð³­â­íþº 5 ì. Ïëî­ùà ñêëà­äó ðîç­ðà­õî­âà­íà íà ì³­ñÿ­÷­íèé çà­ïàñ  êîæíîãî âèäó ñèðîâèíè, êð³ì ï³ñêó (14 ä³á), ñè­ðî­âè­íè [4].

4.2. Îáðîáëåííÿ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â [4]

Ïîòóæí³ñòü ñó÷àñíèõ ñêëàäàëüíèõ öåõ³â ìîæå ñòàíîâèòè áëèçüêî 400-500 ò øèõòè çà äîáó. Çâè÷àéíî öåõ ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç â³äîêðåìëåíèõ ä³ëÿíîê: ìåõàí³çîâàíîãî ñêëàäó ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ç âñòàíîâëåíèì â íüîìó óñòàòêóâàííÿì äëÿ ¿õ îáðîáêè òà äîçóâàëüíî – çì³øóâàëüíîãî â³ää³ëåííÿ, ó ÿêîìó ðîçòàøîâàíî áóíêåðè âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿ ç ï³äãîòîâëåíèìè ñèðîâèííèìè ìàòåð³àëàìè, àâòîìàòè÷í³ òåðåçè äëÿ äîçóâàííÿ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, çá³ðíèé ñòð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð, íà ÿêèé âèñèïàþòüñÿ çâàæåí³ êîìïîíåíòè øèõòè, çì³øóâà÷, òà ïðîì³æí³ áóíêåðè çàïàñí³ áóíêåðè äëÿ øèõòè. Ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè ï³äâîçÿòü çàë³çíè÷íîþ êî볺þ, ùî ïðîõîäèòü âñåðåäèí³ ñêëàäó.

Çà­ïàñ ï³ä­ãî­òî­â­ëå­íèõ ñè­ðî­âèí­íèõ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â ñòà­íî­âèòü: ï³­ñîê – 2 òè­æ­í³; êà­î­ë³í – 1 ì³­ñÿöü; ñî­äà – 1 ì³­ñÿöü; ñó­ëü­ôàò íà­òð³þ – 1 ì³­ñÿöü;äî­ëî­ì³ò – 1 ì³­ñÿöü; êðåé­äà – 1 ì³­ñÿöü. Âèñîòà óêëàäåííÿ ï³ñêó òà êóñêîâèõ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ñòàíîâèòü 7-7,5 ì , ì³øê³â ç ñèïó÷èìè ìàòåð³àëàìè – 5 ì.

Ïðî­öåñ îá­ðî­á­êè ñè­ðî­âèí­íèõ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â òà ïðè­ãî­òó­âàí­íÿ øè­õ­òè âêëþ­÷ຠíà­ñòó­ï­í³ îñ­íî­â­í³ îïå­ðà­ö³¿: ïðè­éìàí­íÿ, çáå­ð³­ãàí­íÿ, îá­ðî­á­êó ñè­ðî­âè­íè, äî­çó­âàí­íÿ, çâî­ëî­æåí­íÿ, ïå­ðå­ì³­øó­âàí­íÿ äîç êîì­ïî­íå­í­ò³â øè­õ­òè.

Îá­ðî­á­êà ñè­ðî­âèí­íèõ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â âè­êî­íó­ºòü­ñÿ íà ñà­ìî­ñò³é­íèõ òåõ­íî­ëî­ã³­÷­íèõ ë³­í³­ÿõ.

Çà­ëå­æ­íî â³ä âè­äó, ñè­ðî­âèí­í³ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ëè ï³ä­äà­þòü â³äïîâ³äí³é îá­ðî­á­ö³: ðîç­òà­ðþ­âàí­íÿ, äðî­á­ëåí­íÿ, ñóø³ííÿ, ïîìåë, ïðî­ñ³­âàí­íÿ. Ñêëî­á³é ìî­æå ï³ä­ëÿ­ãà­òè ìà­ã­í³­ò­í³é ñå­ïà­ðà­ö³¿, ïîìåëó, ìî­ê­ðî­ìó àáî ñó­õî­ìó î÷è­ùåí­íþ, ïðî­ñ³­âàí­íþ [2].

Ðîç­òà­ðþ­âàí­íÿ òà ðîç­ïó­øåí­íÿ. Äëÿ ðîç­òà­ðþ­âàí­íÿ ñè­ðî­âè­íè, ùî ïî­ñòó­ïຠâ ì³­ø­êàõ , âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­þòüñÿ íå­ñòà­í­äà­ð­ò­í³ óñòà­íî­â­êè äëÿ ðîç­òà­ðþ­âàí­íÿ ç îä­íî­÷à­ñ­íèì ðóé­íó­âàí­íÿì. Äëÿ ðóé­íó­âàí­íÿ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â, ùî çëå­æó­þòü­ñÿ òà ãðó­ä­êó­þòü­ñÿ (ñî­äà, ñå­ë³­ò­ðà òà ³í.) âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­þòü äåç­³í­òå­ã­ðà­òî­ðè, ïðî­òè­ðà­ëü­í³ ìà­øè­íè.

Äðî­á­ëåí­íÿ òà ïî­ìåë. Äðî­á­ëåí­íþ òà ïî­ìå­ëó ï³ä­äà­þòü: äî­ëî­ì³ò, ñêëî­á³é.

Äëÿ ãðó­áî­ãî ïîìåëó âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­þòü ùî­êî­â³ äðî­áà­ð­êè.

             

Ðèñóíîê 4.1. – ùîêîâà äðîáàðêà

Äëÿ òîí­êî­ãî ïî­ìå­ëó âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­þòü ìîëîòêîâ³ äðîáàðêè òà êóëü­îâ³ ìëè­íè.

             

                          à                                  á

  à – ìîëîòêîâà äðîáàðêà                                                                                                                                        á–ñõåìà êóëüîâîãî ìëèíà.

Ðèñóíîê 4.2. – óñòàòêóâàííÿ äëÿ ïîìåëó.

Ñó­ø³í­íÿ. Ñó­ø³í­íþ ï³ä­äà­þòü ï³­ñîê, êðåé­äó, âà­ï­íÿê, äî­ëî­ì³ò, ñó­ëü­ôàò íà­òð³þ, ïðè óìî­â³, ùî ¿õ âî­ëî­ã³ñòü á³­ëü­øà, í³æ ïî­òð³­á­íî äëÿ ñêëà­äàí­íÿ øè­õ­òè.

Òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðè ñó­ø³í­íÿ ð³­ç­íèõ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â â³ä­ð³­ç­íÿ­þ­òü­ñÿ. Òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðà ñó­ø³í­íÿ ï³­ñ­êà ñòà­íî­âèòü 700-8000Ñ. Òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðà ñó­ø³í­íÿ êðåé­äè, äî­ëî­ì³­òó òà âà­ï­íÿ­êó íå ïî­âè­ííà ïå­ðå­âè­ùó­âà­òè 4000Ñ òî­ìó, ùî ïðè á³ëüø âè­ñî­êèõ òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðàõ ïî­÷è­íà­ºòü­ñÿ òå­ð­ì³­÷­íà äè­ñî­ö³­à­ö³ÿ öèõ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â. Ìà­òå­ð³­à­ëè âà­ï­íÿ­êî­âî¿ ãðó­ïè ñó­øàòü­ñÿ ã³­ð­øå í³æ ï³­ñîê, òî­ìó ïðî­äó­ê­òè­â­í³ñòü ñó­øèëü­íèõ ïðè­ñòðî­¿â â ÿêèõ ¿õ ñó­øàòü çíà­÷­íî ìå­í­øå.

Çâî­ëî­æå­íèé ñó­ëü­ôàò íà­òð³þ ÷à­ñ­òî âè­ñó­øó­þòü çà­ñî­áîì äî­áà­â­êè ñî­äè, ÿêà ïî­ãëè­íຠ³ çâ’ÿ­çóº ã³­ã­ðî­ñêî­ï³­÷­íó âî­ëî­ãó ñó­ëü­ôà­òó. ßê­ùî âî­ëî­ã³ñòü ñó­ëü­ôà­òó ïå­ðå­âè­ùóº 20%, òî éî­ãî ñó­ø³í­íÿ äó­æå âà­æ­êå òî­ìó, ùî ïðè 32.40Ñ ì³­ðà­á³­ë³ò ðîç­ïëà­â­ëþ­ºòü­ñÿ ó âëà­ñ­í³é êðè­ñ­òà­ë³­çà­ö³é­í³é âî­ä³ ³ öåé ðîç­ïëàâ ïðè­ëè­ïຠäî ñò³­íîê ñó­øà­ðåíü. Òî­ìó éî­ãî ïî­äà­þòü â çî­íó ç òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðà­ìè 650-7000Ñ, òî­ä³ ïî­âå­ð­õ­íå­âèé øàð çå­ðåí øâè­ä­êî âè­ñó­øó­ºòü­ñÿ ³ âî­íè íå ïðè­ëè­ïà­þòü äî ñò³­íîê ñó­øà­ðåíü.

Ðèñóíîê 4.3. - ïðÿìîòî÷íèé ñóøèëüíèé áàðàáàí

Ïðî­ñ³­âàí­íÿ. Âñ³ ñè­ðî­âèí­í³ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ëè ïðî­ñ³­þ­þòü. âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­þòü ñè­òà-­áó­ðà­òè, â³­á­ðà­ö³é­í³ ãðî­õî­òè.

Òðàíñ­ïî­ð­òó­âàí­íÿ. Äëÿ òðàíñ­ïî­ð­òó­âàí­íÿ ñè­ðî­âèí­íèõ ìà­òå­ð³­à­ë³â âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òî­âó­þòü êî­â­øî­â³ åëå­âà­òî­ðè, ñê³­ïî­â³ ï³­ä³­éìà­÷³, êîí­âå­º­ðè ñòð³­÷­êî­â³. Òåõíîëîã³ÿ îäåðæàííÿ ïëÿøêè âêëþ÷ຠíàñòóïí³ òåõíîëîã³÷í³ ïðîöåñè: ï³äãîòîâêà ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, äîçóâàííÿ êîìïîíåíò³â òà çì³øóâàííÿ øèõòè, çàâàíòàæåííÿ øèõòè ó ñêëîâàðíó ï³÷, âàð³ííÿ ñêëîìàñè, âèðîáëåííÿ ñêëîìàñè òà ôîðìóâàííÿ âèðîá³â, ïîâåðõíåâå çì³öíåííÿ, â³äïàë, êîíòðîëü ÿêîñò³ îòðèìàíèõ âèðîá³â, ïàêóâàííÿ òà òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ äî ñêëàäó ãîòîâî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿.

Ðîçãëÿíåìî ïðîöåñ ï³äãîòîâêè ñèðîâèíè á³ëüø äîêëàäí³øå.

4.2.1. ˳í³ÿ ï³äãîòîâêè ï³ñêó

ϳñîê ïîñòóïຠíà ñêëàä ó çàë³çíè÷íèõ âàãîíàõ. Âàãîíè ðîçâàíòàæóþòü çà äîïîìîãîþ ìåõàí³÷íîãî ðîçâàíòàæíèêà, òà ïåðåì³ùóþòü ãðåéôåðíèì êðàíîì ó â³ää³ëåííÿ éîãî çáåð³ãàííÿ. Ç öüîãî â³ää³ëåííÿ ï³ñîê ïîñòóïຠíà ñóø³ííÿ äî ñóøèëüíîãî áàðàáàíó. Òåìïåðàòóðà ãàç³â íà âõîä³ â áàðàáàí, äëÿ ñóø³ííÿ ï³ñêóòåìïåðàòóðà åííÿ ï³ñîê ïîñòóïຠíà ñóø³ííÿ äî ñóøèëüíîãî áàðàáàíó. òð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð, àÿêèé âèñèïàþò íüîìó óñòàòêóâàííÿì äëÿ  ñòàíîâèòü 800-9000Ñ, à íà âèõîä³ – 160-2000Ñ. ³äïðàöüîâàí³ ãàçè â³äñìîêòóþòüñÿ åêñãàóñòåðîì ÷åðåç ðîçâàíòàæóâàëüíó êàìåðó ó ìóëüòèöèêëîí, äå îñàäæóºòüñÿ ïèë. Íà âèõîä³ ç áàðàáàíó ï³ñîê ìຠòåìïåðàòóðó áëèçüêî 900Ñ, ³ äëÿ éîãî ïîäàëüøîãî òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ éîãî îõîëîäæóþòü ó òðóá÷àñòèõ õîëîäèëüíèêàõ. ϳñëÿ ïðîñóøóâàííÿ ï³ñîê ïîäàºòüñÿ íà ïðîñ³þâàííÿ, òà ìàãí³òíó ñåïàðàö³þ, à ïîò³ì ó áóíêåðè âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿.

4.2.2. ˳í³ÿ ï³äãîòîâêè äîëîì³òó

Ç â³äïîâ³äíèõ â³äñ³ê³â ñêëàäó êðóïíî êóñêîâèé äîëîì³ò ïîñòóïຠó ïðèéìàëüíèé áóíêåð ùîêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè. Êóñêè ìàòåð³àëó ï³ñëÿ äðîáëåííÿ ìàþòü ðîçì³ð 4-7 ñì. Ïîäð³áíåíèé äîëîì³ò ïîñòóïຠíà ñóø³ííÿ ó ñóøèëüíèé áàðàáàí, äå â³í âèñóøóºòüñÿ äî îñòàòî÷íî¿ âîëîãîñò³ 0,1-1%.  Äëÿ çàïîá³ãàííÿ òåðì³÷íî¿ äèñîö³àö³¿ äîëîì³òó éîãî ñóøàòü ïðè òåìïåðàòóðàõ íå âèùå 4000Ñ. Äëÿ ïîìåëó äîëîì³òó ìîæíà âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè ìîëîòêîâ³ äðîáàðêè. ϳñëÿ ïîìåëó ìàòåð³àë ïîñòóïຠíà êîíòðîëüíèé ïðîñ³â òà ìàãí³òíó ñåïàðàö³þ, à ïîò³ì ó áóíêåðè âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿.

4.2.3. ˳í³ÿ ï³äãîòîâêè ñîäè òà ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ

Ñîäà òà ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ ðîçâàíòàæóþòüñÿ, òðàíñïîðòóþòüñÿ, çáåð³ãàþòüñÿ òà îáðîáëþþòüñÿ çà îäíàêîâîþ ñõåìîþ, òîìó, ùî íà öåé äåíü ïåðåâàæíî âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ ñèíòåòè÷í³ ìàòåð³àëè, ÿê³ ìàþòü ïðàêòè÷íî ïîñò³éí³ ïîêàçíèêè ÿêîñò³. Ñîäà òà ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ ïîñòóïàþòü íà çàâîä ó ïàïåðîâèõ ì³øêàõ àáî íàâàëîì ó êðèòèõ âàãîíàõ. ßêùî ìàòåð³àëè ïîñòóïàþòü ôàñîâàíèìè, òî ¿õ ðîçòàðþþòü çà äîïîìîãîþ íåñòàíäàðòíèõ ìàøèí. Ç öèõ ìàøèí ñîäó òà ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ åëåâàòîðàìè ïîäàþòü ó â³äïîâ³äí³ ñèëîñí³ áàíêè. Ç ñèëîñíèõ áàíîê ñîäó òà ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ åëåâàòîðîì ïîäàþòü íà ïðîñ³â ó ñèòà-áóðàòè, ÿê³ ðîçòàøîâàíî íàä áóíêåðàìè âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿.

4.2.4. ˳í³ÿ ï³äãîòîâêè ñêëîáîþ

ϳä ÷àñ âèðîáíèöòâà ñêëîòàðè óòâîðþºòüñÿ 10-15% áîþ, ÿêèé ïîâòîðíî âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ï³ä ÷àñ âàð³ííÿ ñêëîìàñè. Áîé ñêëà, ùî óòâîðþºòüñÿ íà ð³çíèõ ä³ëÿíêàõ òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ïðîöåñó, çáèðàþòü ó áóíêåðè òà ï³ñëÿ â³äïîâ³äíî¿ îáðîáêè âèêîðèñòîâóþòü äëÿ âàð³ííÿ ñêëà.

Îáðîáêà ñêëîáîþ âêëþ÷ຠïðîìèâêó, ïîäð³áíåííÿ ó ùîêîâ³é äðîáàðö³

4.2.5. ϳäãîòîâêà ³íøèõ ìàòåð³àë³â

ϳäãîòîâêà êàîë³íó, âóã³ëëÿ çâîäèòüñÿ äî çàâàíòàæåííÿ ó ïðèéìàëüí³ áóíêåðè, êîíòðîëüíîãî ïðîñ³âó òà çàâàíòàæåííÿ äî áóíêåð³â âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿.

4.3. Äîçóâàííÿ êîìïîíåíò³â òà çì³øóâàííÿ øèõòè

Ïîòî÷í³ ë³í³¿ äîçóâàëüíî - çì³øóâàëüíî¿ ä³ëÿíêè âêëþ÷àþòü:

1) ðîçòàøîâàí³ ïî ãîðèçîíòàëüí³é îñ³ áóíêåðè ç ãîòîâèìè äî çì³øóâàííÿ ñèðîâèííèìè ìàòåð³àëàìè;

2) ðîçòàøîâàí³ ï³ä áóíêåðàìè àâòîìàòè÷í³ òåðåçè ç ïðèñòðîÿìè äëÿ çàâàíòàæåííÿ òà âèâàíòàæåííÿ â³äâàæåíèõ êîìïîíåíò³â øèõòè ó â³äïîâ³äíîñò³ ç çàäàíèì ðåöåïòîì;

3) çá³ðíèé ñòð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð, ÿêèé ðîçòàøîâàíî ï³ä òåðåçàìè, íà ÿêèé âèñèïàþòüñÿ â³äâàæåí³ ïîðö³¿ ñèðîâèííèõ êîìïîíåíò³â, ïðèçíà÷åíèé äëÿ ïîäàâàííÿ ¿õ ó çì³øóâà÷;

4) çì³øóâà÷ ïåð³îäè÷íî¿ ä³¿;

5) òðàíñïîðòóþ÷³ ïðèñòðî¿ äëÿ ïîäàâàííÿ ãîòîâî¿ øèõòè äî âàííî¿ ïå÷³.

Äëÿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ øèõòè âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ï³äãîòîâëåí³ ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè.

Çâàæóâàííÿ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â âèêîíóþòü íà îêðåìèõ âàãîâèõ ë³í³ÿõ. Øèõòó ñêëàäàþòü ç ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, ÿê³ ïîâèíí³ â³äïîâ³äàòè ïåâíèì âèìîãàì ñòàíäàðò³â.

ϳñîê êâàðöîâèé ÄÑÒó 22551-77;

Ñîäà êàëüöèíîâàíà ÄÑÒó 5100-85;

Ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ ÄÑÒó 6318-77;

Äîëîì³ò ÄÑÒó 23762-79;

Êàîë³í ÄÑÒó 21285-75;

Êðåéäà ÄÑÒó 12085-88;

Áàðâíèêè (ÿêùî öå ïîòð³áíî).

Ðåöåïò øèõòè íà çàäàíèé õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä ñêëà ðîçðàõîâóºòüñÿ ëàáîðàòîð³ºþ çàâîäó ç óðàõóâàííÿì ëóæíîñò³, âîëîãîñò³ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â. Êîìïîíåíòè øèõòè â³äâàæóþòüñÿ ó â³äïîâ³äíîñò³ äî ðåöåïòó ³ â ïîñë³äîâíîñò³, ÿêà âêàçàíà ó ðåöåïòóð³. Äëÿ ñêëîòàðíîãî öåõó ïîñë³äîâí³ñòü â³ä âàæåííÿ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â íàñòóïíà: – ï³ñîê, êàîë³í, ñîäà, ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ, êðåéäà, äîëîì³ò, âîäà.

Âàãîâå äîçóâàííÿ êîìïîíåíò³â øèõòè ïðîâîäèòüñÿ íà äîçóþ÷èõ ë³í³ÿõ, ÿê³ îñíàùåíí³ âàãàìè ÄÂÑÒ. Ïðèïóñòèì³ â³äõèëåííÿ ïî âàç³ îêðåìèõ êîìïîíåíò³â øèõòè âêàçàí³ ó òàáëèöÿõ 4.1 – 4.3. Ïðèãîòîâàíà øèõòà ïîâèííà çàáåçïå÷óâàòè îòðèìàííÿ çåëåíîãî ñêëà õ³ì³÷íîãî ñêëàäó, ÿêèé òàêîæ íàâåäåíî â òàáëèöÿõ 4.1 – 4.3.

Òàáëèöÿ 4.1 – õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä çåëåíîãî ñêëà

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

ÑàÎ+MgÎ

Na2O

SO3

Cr2O3

71,2 1,8 0,3 12,2 14,2 0,3 0,15
±0,5% ±0,5% ±0,04% ±0,2% ±0,2% ±0,02% ±0,02%

Òàáëèöÿ 4.2 – õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä îëèâêîâîãî ñêëà

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

ÑàÎ+MgÎ

Na2O

SO3

Cr2O3

71,2 1,8 0,3 12,2 14,2 0,3 0,1
±0,5% ±0,5% ±0,04% ±0,2% ±0,2% ±0,02% ±0,02%

Òàáëèöÿ 4.3 – õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä êîðè÷íåâîãî ñêëà

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

ÑàÎ+MgÎ

Na2O

SO3

71,2 2,8 0,3 11 14,3 0,3
±2% ±1,3% ±0,04% ±1,3% ±0,9% ±0,02%

Íà øëÿõó äî ïå÷³ ðîçòàøîâàíî ðåçåðâí³ áóíêåðè äëÿ ãîòîâî¿ øèõòè, ÿê³ ðîçðàõîâàíî íà äâ³ çì³íè ðîáîòè ïå÷³.

4.4. Çàâàíòàæóâàííÿ øèõòè[2]

Çàâàíòàæåííÿ øèõòè ó ñêëîâàðíó ï³÷ çä³éñíþºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ìåõàí³÷íèõ çàâàíòàæóâà÷³â ïëóíæåðíîãî òèïó. Ïðèíöèï 䳿 çàâàíòàæóâà÷à ïîëÿãຠó ðåãóëÿðíîìó ïðîøòîâõóâàíí³ ïîðö³é øèõòè ³ áîþ â ï³÷ çà ðàõóíîê çâîðîòíîãî – ïîñòóïîâî ðóõó ïëóíæåðà. Øèõòó çàâàíòàæóþòü ïî âñüîìó ôðîíòó çàâàíòàæóâàëüíîãî êàðìàíà, øèðèíà ÿêîãî ó ñó÷àñíèõ ïå÷àõ ïðàêòè÷íî äîð³âíþº øèðèí³ ïå÷³. Äëÿ ñïðîùåííÿ êîíñòðóêö³¿ òà îáñëóãîâóâàííÿ çàâàíæóâà÷³â ¿õ âñòàíîâëþþòü 5-6 çàâàíæóâà÷³â ïîðÿä. Ðåæèì æèâëåííÿ ïå÷³ øèõòîþ òà áîºì âèêîíóºòüñÿ ó â³äïîâ³äíîñò³ äî âèòðàò ñêëîìàñè íà âèãîòîâëåííÿ âèðîá³â. Ãîäèííà ïîäà÷à øèõòè òà áîþ â ï³÷ ïîâèííà òî÷íî â³äïîâ³äàòè ç`ºìó ñêëîìàñè. Ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ çàâàíòàæåíî¿ øèõòè ³ ñêëîáîþ ïîâèííî çíàõîäèòèñÿ ó ìåæàõ: øèõòè-áîþ70-30%, 60-40%, 50-50%. ³äõèëåííÿ â³ä âñòàíîâëåíîãî ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ íå ïîâèííî ïåðåâèùóâàòè ±5%.

ßêùî îá’ºì ïîäàâàííÿ øèõòè áóäå â³äð³çíÿòèñÿ â³ä ç’ºìó ñêëîìàñè, òî öå ïðèâåäå äî êîëèâàííÿ ð³âíÿ äçåðêàëà â ïå÷³.  ñâîþ ÷åðãó öå íåãàòèâíî âïëèâຠíà ñòàí ôóòåð³âêè ³ ÿê³ñòü ñêëîìàñè, ùî âèðîáëÿºòüñÿ. Êîëèâàííÿ ð³âíÿ ñêëîìàñè ïîâèíí³ ñêëàäàòè íå á³ëüøå í³æ ±0,5ìì.

Äëÿ ï³äòðèìàííÿ ïîñò³éíîãî ð³âíÿ ñêëîìàñè çàâàíòàæóâàëüíèêè ïðàöþþòü â àâòîìàòè÷íîìó ðåæèì³ ³ çâ‘ÿçàí³ ç ð³âíåì³ðîì “êëþþ÷îãî” òèïó.

4.5. Âàð³ííÿ ñêëîìàñè[2],[3]

Ïðîöåñ âàð³ííÿ ñêëà óÿâëÿº ñîáîþ ñêëàäíèé êîìïëåêñ ô³çèêî – õ³ì³÷íèõ ïåðåòâîðåíü, ÿâèù òåïëî òà ìàñîîáì³íó, â ðåçóëüòàò³ ÿêèõ ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè – øèõòà ïåðåòâîðþºòüñÿ ó ðîçïëàâ – ñêëîìàñó ³ç âèçíà÷åíèìè ô³çèêî – õ³ì³÷íèìè âëàñòèâîñòÿìè. Øèõòà ï³ä 䳺þ âèñîêèõ òåìïåðàòóð, ÿê³ âèíèêàþòü ï³ä ÷àñ ñïàëåííÿ ïàëèâà, ðîçïëàâëÿºòüñÿ, ãîìîãåí³çóºòüñÿ, îõîëîäæóºòüñÿ òà ïîñòóïຠíà âèðîáëÿííÿ.

Ïðîöåñ ñêëîóòâîðåííÿ ïðîò³êຠâ äåê³ëüêà åòàï³â.

Ñèë³êàòîóòâîðåííÿ. Äî ê³íöÿ öüîãî åòàïó ó øèõò³ íå çàëèøàºòüñÿ îêðåìèõ êîìïîíåíò³â. Á³ëüø³ñòü ãàçîïîä³áíèõ êîìïîíåíò³â âæå âèäàëåíî, ñêëàäîâ³ ÷àñòêè ïåðåòåðï³ëè ðÿä ô³çè÷íèõ òà õ³ì³÷íèõ ïåðåòâîðåíü. ̳æ êîìïîíåíòàìè øèõòè ïðîéøëè âñ³ îñíîâí³ òâåðäîôàçí³ ðåàêö³¿ ³ âîíà óÿâëÿº ñîáîþ ñïå÷åíó ìàñó, ÿêà ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ñèë³êàò³â òà îêñèäó êðåìåíþ.

Ñêëîóòâîðåííÿ. Öåé åòàï õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ òèì, ùî íàïðèê³íö³ åòàïó ñêëîìàñà ñòຠïðîçîðîþ.  í³é âæå â³äñóòí³ íå ïðîâàðåí³ ÷àñòêè øèõòè, àäæå âîíà ùå ïðîíèçàíà âåëèêîþ ê³ëüê³ñòþ áóëüáàøîê òà çâèâèí ³ çàëèøàºòüñÿ íåîäíîð³äíîþ. Äëÿ çâè÷àéíîãî òàðíîãî ñêëà öåé åòàï ñê³í÷àºòüñÿ ïðè 1150-12000Ñ. Íà öüîìó åòàï³ ïðîõîäèòü çàáàðâëåííÿ ñêëà. Çàáàðâëåííÿ çä³éñíþºòüñÿ ó â³äíîâëþâàëüíèõ óìîâàõ, ÿê³ çàáåçïå÷óþòüñÿ ââåäåííÿì âóã³ëëÿ. Ñêëî íàáóâຠêîðè÷íåâîãî êîëüîðó âíàñë³äîê óòâîðåííÿ â íüîìó FeS ïî ðåàêö³¿, ÿêó ó çàãàëüíîìó âèãëÿä³ ìîæíà çàïèñàòè:

                         

FeS – ìîëåêóëÿðíèé áàðâíèê, ìຠäîáð³ çàõèñí³ âëàñòèâîñò³ ïî â³äíîøåííþ äî ïðîìåí³â êîðîòêîõâèëüîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè ñïåêòðà, òîìó çàáàðâëåííÿ ñóëüô³äîì çàë³çà øèðîêî âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ó âèðîáíèöòâ³ ïëÿøîê äëÿ ïèâà, ñêëîòàðè äëÿ äèòÿ÷îãî õàð÷óâàííÿ, ìåäè÷íî¿ òàðè òà ³í. [2].

Îñâ³òëåííÿ. Íà öüîìó åòàï³ ñêëîìàñà ñòຠìåíø â’ÿçêîþ, çâ³ëüíÿºòüñÿ â³ä âèäèìèõ ãàçîïîä³áíèõ âêëþ÷åíü. Äëÿ òàðíîãî ñêëà îñâ³òëåííÿ çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ ïðè 1400-15000Ñ. Â’ÿçê³ñòü ñêëîìàñè ïðè öüîìó ñêëàäຠáëèçüêî 10-12Ïà*ñ.

Ãîìîãåí³çàö³ÿ. Ïðîöåñ ãîìîãåí³çàö³¿ äóæå âàæëèâèé.  ñêëîâàðíèõ ïå÷àõ äëÿ òàðíîãî ñêëà ãîìîãåí³çàö³ÿ ïîâèííà ïðîõîäèòè äóæå øâèäêî òîìó, ùî âèðîáíèöòâî õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ âåëèêèìè ç`ºìàìè.

Íà öüîìó åòàï³ ñêëîìàñà ³íòåíñèâíî ïåðåì³øóºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ áóðë³ííÿ. Äî ê³íöÿ öüîãî åòàïó ñêëîìàñà çâ³ëüíÿºòüñÿ â³ä çâèâèí, ñòຠîäíîð³äíîþ. Áóðë³ííÿ ñêëîìàñè ñòèñíåíèì ïîâ³òðÿì äîçâîëÿº ï³äâèùèòè âèðîáíèöòâî ïå÷åé òà ïîêðàùèòè ÿê³ñòü ñêëîìàñè. Îäíàê áóðë³ííÿ çàñòîñîâóþòü ëèøå íà ïå÷àõ äëÿ âàð³ííÿ òåìíî-çåëåíîãî òà êîðè÷íåâîãî ñêëà. Ñîïëà ðîçòàøîâóþòüñÿ â çîí³ ÷èñòîãî äçåðêàëà ñêëîìàñè. ʳëüê³ñòü ñîïåë çàëåæèòü â³ä ïîòóæíîñò³ ïå÷³. ʳëüê³ñòü ñîïåë ìîæå ñòàíîâèòè â³ä 7 äî 13. ßêùî ê³ëüê³ñòü ñîïåë äîð³âíþº 7, òî âîíè ðîçòàøîâàí³ â ðÿä , ÿêùî ê³ëüê³ñòü ñîïåë äîð³âíþº 13 ,òî ðîçòàøîâàí³ âîíè ó øàõîâîìó ïîðÿäêó.

Îõîëîäæåííÿ ñêëîìàñè. Â’ÿçê³ñòü ïðîâàðåíî¿ ñêëîìàñè äóæå íèçüêà äëÿ âèðîáêè âèðîá³â. Òîìó äëÿ òîãî, ùîá ìîæíà áóëî â³äôîðìóâàòè âèðîáè íåîáõ³äíî çíèçèòè òåìïåðàòóðó ïðèáëèçíî íà 200-3000Ñ ïîð³âíÿíî ç òåìïåðàòóðàìè îñâ³òëåííÿ òà ãîìîãåí³çàö³¿. Îõîëîäæåííÿ ñêëîìàñè ïðîò³êຠäî òåìïåðàòóðè 12000Ñ äëÿ ñòâîðåííÿ íåîáõ³äíî¿ â‘ÿçêîñò³ ïðè ôîðìóâàíí³ âèðîá³â.

Äóæå âàæëèâî, ùîá ï³ä ÷àñ îõîëîäæåííÿ íå âèíèêàëî ïîðóøåííÿ ð³âíîâàãè ì³æ ðîçïëàâîì òà ãàçàìè.  öüîìó âèïàäêó âèíèêàþòü ïîðîêè – áóëüáàøêè òà âòîðèííà „ìîøêà”, çâ³ëüíèòèñÿ â³ä ÿêèõ ïðàêòè÷íî íå ìîæëèâî òîìó, ùî â’ÿçê³ñòü ñêëîìàñè âæå âèñîêà.

Âàííà ñêëîâàðíà ï³÷ ïðåäñòàâëÿº ñîáîþ ñêëàäíèé òåïëîòåõí³÷íèé àãðåãàò, êîíñòðóêö³ÿ ÿêîãî çàëåæèòü â³ä ñïîñîáó ï³ä³ãð³âó, íàïðÿìêó ðóõó äèìîâèõ ãàç³â, ñïîñîáó ðîçä³ëåííÿ áàñåéíó òà ïîëóì’ÿíîãî ïðîñòîðó. Âîíà ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ðîáî÷î¿ êàìåðè, ïàëüíèê³â, ïðèñòðî¿â äëÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿ òåïëà äèìîâèõ ãàç³â, ïåðåâ³äíèõ êëàïàí³â, ôóíäàìåíò³â, îïîð òà êàðêàñó. Íàïðÿìîê ðóõó ãàç³â â âåëèêèõ ðåãåíåðàòèâíèõ ïå÷àõ ïîïåðå÷íèé, à â ìàëèõ – ï³äêîâîïîä³áíå àáî ïîçäîâæíüî – ïîïåðå÷íå. Ïðè âèðîáö³ ñêëîòàðè çâè÷àéíî âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ñêëîâàðí³ ïå÷³ ç ïîïåðå÷íèì íàïðÿìêîì ðóõó ïîëóì’ÿ, áî âîíè äîçâîëÿþòü êðàùå ðåãóëþâàòè òåïëîâèé ðåæèì ïî äîâæèí³ ïå÷³, ñòâîðþâàòè íåîáõ³äí³ òåïëîâ³ óìîâè â çîíàõ âàð³ííÿ, îñâ³òëåííÿ òà ãîìîãåí³çàö³¿. Ñõåìà ïå÷³ ïðåäñòàâëåíà íà ðèñóíêó 4.4.

Ðèñóíîê 4.4. - ñõåìà ðåãåíåðàòèâíî¿ âàííî¿ ïå÷³ ç ïðîòîêîì ç ïîïåðå÷íèì íàïðÿìêîì ïîëóì’ÿ.

 ðåãåíåðàòèâíèõ ïå÷àõ ç ïîïåðå÷íèì ðóõîì ïîëóì’ÿ ìîæíà âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè ñåêö³éí³ ðåãåíåðàòîðè, ÿê³ äîçâîëÿþòü ðåãóëþâàòè òåìïåðàòóðó ï³ä³ãð³âó ïîâ³òðÿ äëÿ â³äïîâ³äíîãî ïàëüíèêà. Íàéá³ëüø ïðîäóêòèâíèìè º ïðîòî÷í³ ïå÷³ ç ïðèñòðîºì äëÿ áóðë³ííÿ ñêëîìàñè, áåç âèðîáíîãî áàñåéíó. Êð³ì òîãî ïðîöåñ ïåðåì³øóâàííÿ òà îñâ³òëåííÿ ïðîò³êຠó òîíêîìó øàð³ ñêëîìàñè. Ïåðåì³øóâàííÿ ñêëîìàñè â çîí³ âàð³ííÿ áóðë³ííÿì äîçâîëÿº ïðèñêîðèòè ïðîöåñè ñèë³êàòî – ³ ñêëîóòâîðåííÿ. Òîíêîøàðîâå îñâ³òëåííÿ äîçâîëÿº çä³éñíèòè á³ëüø êðàùèé ïðîãð³â ñêëîìàñè ³ ³íòåíñèô³êóâàòè ïðîöåñ. Çàâäÿêè öüîìó ïðÿìîòî÷í³ ïå÷³ çàáåçïå÷óþòü âèñîêó ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ïðè äîñèòü íåâåëèêèõ ðîçì³ðàõ.

Îñíîâíîþ âèìîãîþ äî êîíñòðóêö³¿ âèñîêîïðîäóêòèâíèõ ïðîìèñëîâèõ ñêëîâàðíèõ ïå÷åé ç ïîëóì’ÿíèì ïðîãð³âîì - çàáåçïå÷åííÿ âèñîêîòåìïåðàòóðíèõ ðåæèì³â âàð³ííÿ ñêëà äî 1600-16500Ñ. Öüîìó ïîâèíí³ â³äïîâ³äàòè êîíñòðóêö³¿ çàâàíòàæóâàëüíèõ êèøåíü, ãàçîïàëüíèêîâèõ ïðèñòðî¿â ³ ïðîòîê³â.

Çàâàíòàæóâàëüí³ êèøåí³ ïîâèíí³ áóòè çàêðèòèìè, äëÿ ïîïåðåäæåííÿ âèáèâàííÿ ôàêåëó òà ï³äñìîêòóâàííÿ õîëîäíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ. Îñîáà óâàãà ïîâèííà ïðèä³ëÿòèñÿ äî ðàö³îíàëüíîãî ðîçì³ùåííÿ ôàêåëó òà âèñîêîìó ñòóïåíþ ïðîãð³âó ïîâ³òðÿ(äî 1400-4500Ñ).

Äëÿ âàð³ííÿ ñêëîìàñè âèáèðàºìî âàí­íó ñêëî­âà­ð­íó ï³÷ áåç­ïå­ðå­ð­â­íî¿ ä³¿, ðå­ãå­íå­ðà­òè­â­íó, ïðî­òî­÷­íó, ç ïî­ïå­ðå­÷íèì íà­ïðÿ­ì­êîì ðó­õó ïî­ëó­ì’ÿ. ϳ÷ ìຠï’ÿòü ïàð ïà­ëü­íè­ê³â. Áà­ñåé­íè âà­ðè­ëü­íî¿ òà ðî­áî­÷î¿ ÷à­ñ­òèí ïî­ºä­íà­í³ ïðî­òî­êîì.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñêëî­âà­ð­íî¿ ïå÷³[5]

Êëà­ä­êà âàí­íî¿ ïå­÷³

Áà­ñåé­íè âà­ðè­ëü­íî¿ òà ðî­áî­÷î¿ ÷à­ñ­òèí, â³ä­ïî­â³­äà­ëü­í³

êîíñ­òðó­ê­ö³¿ – âëüî­òè, ïðî­òîê, àð­êà òî­ð­öå­âî¿ ñò³­íè                                                          áà­êîð.

Ïî­ëó­ì’ÿ­íèé ïðî­ñ­ò³ð âà­ðè­ëü­íî­ãî ïðî­ñ­òî­ðó                                                                       áà­êîð;

Ðî­áî­÷à ÷à­ñ­òè­íà                                                                                                         äè­íàñ;

Äíî ïå­÷³                                                                                                         øà­ìîò, áà­êî­ðî­âà ïëè­ò­êà

Ãî­ëî­âíå çâå­äåí­íÿ òà çâå­äåí­íÿ

ðî­áî­÷î¿ ÷à­ñ­òè­íè, çâå­äåí­íÿ ðå­ãå­íå­ðà­òî­ð³â                                                              ñêëîäè­íàñ;

Ðå­ãå­íå­ðà­òî­ðè                                                                                                            äè­íàñ, øà­ìîò

Íà­ñà­ä­êà                                                                                                                                 øà­ìîò.

Âà­ð³í­íÿ çà­áåç­ïå­÷ó­ºòü­ñÿ ñïà­ëþ­âàí­íÿì ãà­çó ó íàä­ëè­ø­êó ïî­â³­ò­ðÿ α=1-1,2. ïî­â³­ò­ðÿ ïðî­ïó­ñ­êà­ºòü­ñÿ êð³çü ðå­ãå­íå­ðà­òî­ðè äå âî­íî ï³­ä³­ãð³­âà­ºòü­ñÿ äî òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðè 9000Ñ. ßê³ñòü ïðî­âà­ðþ­âàí­íÿ çà­áåç­ïå­÷ó­ºòü­ñÿ ñè­ñ­òå­ìîþ áà­ð­áî­òó­âàí­íÿ. Íà ïå­÷³ ïðà­öþº 13 òî­÷îê , ùî ðîç­òà­øî­âà­í³ ó øà­õî­âî­ìó ïî­ðÿä­êó.

Ñêëî­ìà­ñà â³ä­áè­ðà­ºòü­ñÿ êð³çü ï’ÿòü ô³­äå­ð³â, ÿê³ ìà­þòü ñà­ìî­ñò³é­íå îïà­ëåí­íÿ ïðè­ðî­ä­íèì ãà­çîì ³ ìà­þòü òðè ðî­áî­÷³ çî­íè. Òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðà ïî çî­íàì çà­äà­ºòü­ñÿ â çà­ëå­æ­íî­ñ­ò³ â³ä ç’º­ìó ñêëî­ìà­ñè òà àñî­ð­òè­ìå­í­òó íà ô³­äå­ð³

Ïà­ðà­ìå­ò­ðè ïå­÷³

Çà­ãà­ëü­íà ïëî­ùà ïå­÷³, ì2                                                                                                       130,7

Ïëî­ùà âà­ðè­ëü­íî¿ ÷à­ñ­òè­íè, ì2                                                                                             122

Ïëî­ùà ðî­áî­÷î¿ ÷à­ñ­òè­íè, ì2                                                                                                 8,7

Ãëè­áè­íà âà­ðè­ëü­íî­ãî áà­ñåé­íó           , ìì                                                                                       900

Ãëè­áè­íà âè­ðî­á­íî­ãî áà­ñåé­íó,           ìì                                                                                         500

Ïðî­òîê; äî­â­æè­íà /âè­ñî­òà/øè­ðè­íà, ìì                                                                          1200/300/600

г­âåíü ñêëî­ìà­ñè â áà­ñåé­í³, ìì                                                                                            80± 1

Çà­âà­í­òà­æó­âà­ëü­íà êè­øå­íÿ: øèðèíà/ãëèáèíà, ìì                                                              4000/1250

ʳ­ëü­ê³ñòü çà­âà­í­òà­æó­âà­ëü­íèõ â³­êîí, øò                                                                              3

Ðîç­ì³ð â³­ê­íà: øè­ðè­íà/âèñîòà, ìì                                                                                       850/420

Ïðî­äó­ê­òè­â­í³ñòü ïå­÷³ (â çà­ëå­æ­íî­ñ­ò³ â³ä ç’º­ìó ñêëî­ìà­ñè), ò/äî­áó                                     115-160

Òèñê ó âà­ðè­ëü­í³é òà ðî­áî­÷³é ÷à­ñ­òè­í³

íåé­ò­ðà­ëü­íèé àáî ñëà­áî ïî­çè­òè­â­íèé,           Ïà                                                                              1-3;

Ãà­çî­âà ñå­ðå­äà                                                                                                                         α=1-1,2

Ïà­ëè­âî, êêàë/ì³                                                                             ïðè­ðî­ä­íèé ãàç, êà­ëî­ð³é­í³ñòü 8000

Òèñê ãà­çó íà ÃÐÏ öå­õó, êãñ/ñì2                                                                                           0,53

Òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ð­íèé ðå­æèì âà­ð³í­íÿ çà­áåç­ïå­÷ó­ºòü­ñÿ òðüî­ìà çî­íà­ìè ãî­ð³í­íÿ

Õà­ðà­ê­òå­ðè­ñ­òè­êà çîí

1 çî­íà               1 ïà­ðà ïà­ëü­íè­ê³â                                          øè­ðè­íà âëüî­ò³â – 1600ìì;

2 çî­íà               2-3 ïà­ðà ïà­ëü­íè­ê³â                                      øè­ðè­íà âëüî­ò³â – 1600ìì;

3 çî­íà               4-5 ïà­ðà ïà­ëü­íè­ê³â (â³ä­ïî­â³­ä­íî)                øè­ðè­íà âëüî­ò³â – 1400 òà 1200 ìì.

Âè­òðà­òè ãà­çó ïî çî­íàì:

1 çî­íà                                                                                                                         500 ì3/ãîä;

2 çî­íà                                                                                                                         600 ì3/ãîä;

3 çî­íà                                                                                                                         400 ì3/ãîä.

Òå­ï­ëî­âèé ðå­æèì

Òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðà â ïî­ëó­ì’ÿ­íî­ìó ïðî­ñ­òî­ð³ ïå­÷³ êî­í­ò­ðî­ëþ­ºòü­ñÿ çà äî­ïî­ìî­ãîþ òåð­ìî­ïà­ðè ÒÏÐ-30/6, òà óòðè­ìó­ºòü­ñÿ â íà­ñòó­ï­íèõ ìå­æàõ ïî çî­íàì:

Çà 1 ïà­ðîþ ïà­ëü­íè­ê³â                                                                                               1485±50Ñ;

Çà 3 ïà­ðîþ ïà­ëü­íè­ê³â                                                                                               1535±50Ñ;

Çà 5 ïà­ðîþ ïà­ëü­íè­ê³â                                                                                               1510±50Ñ;

 çî­í³ âè­ðî­á­êè                                                                                                                     1200±50Ñ.

Òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðà âè­çíà­÷à­ºòü­ñÿ çà ïî­êà­çàí­íÿ­ìè òåð­ìî­ïàð òà êî­í­ò­ðî­ëþ­ºòü­ñÿ ùî­ãî­äè­íè òåð­ìî­åëå­ê­ò­ðè­÷­íè­ìè ïå­ðå­òâî­ðþ­âà­÷à­ìè, ùî âñòà­íîâëå­í³ â ñêëå­ï³í­í³ ïå­÷³ êî­æ­íî¿ çî­íè. Òåð­ìî­åëå­ê­ò­ðè­÷­í³ ïå­ðå­òâî­ðþ­âà­÷³ îïó­ùå­í³ íè­æ­÷å ñêëå­ï³í­íÿ ïå­÷³ íà 50 ìì. Êî­í­ò­ðîëü íà­ãð³­âó íè­çó òà âåð­õà íà­ñà­äîê ðå­ãå­íå­ðà­òî­ð³â âè­êî­íó­ºòü­ñÿ çà äî­ïî­ìî­ãîþ òåð­ìî­åëå­ê­ò­ðè­÷­íèõ ïå­ðå­òâî­ðþ­âà­÷³â, ùî âñòà­íî­â­ëå­í³ â ðó­áà­ø­êàõ ðå­ãå­íå­ðà­òî­ð³â.

Ïî­êà­çàí­íÿ Ê²Ï àð­õ³­âó­þòü­ñÿ òà ô³­ê­ñó­þòü­ñÿ êî­í­ò­ðî­ëå­ðîì, à òà­êîæ â³ä­ì³­÷à­þòü­ñÿ â ðî­áî­÷î­ìó æó­ð­íà­ë³ ÷åð­ãî­âèì ñêëî­âà­ðîì êî­æ­í³ 30 õâè­ëèí. Òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðà äè­ìî­âèõ ãà­ç³â âè­ì³­ðÿ­ºòü­ñÿ òåð­ìî­ïà­ðîþ, ùî âñòà­â­ëå­íà ó êëà­ä­êó ï³ä­íà­ñà­äî­÷­íî­ãî êà­íà­ëó. Ïå­ðå­âå­äåí­íÿ ïî­ëó­ì’ÿ âè­êî­íó­ºòü­ñÿ àâ­òî­ìà­òè­÷­íî àáî äè­ñ­òà­í­ö³é­íî ÷å­ðåç êî­æ­í³ 30 õâè­ëèí.

4.6. ϳäãîòîâêà ñêëîìàñè äî ôîðìóâàííÿ[2]

 ñó÷àñíîìó âèðîáíèöòâ³ ñêëîòàðè íàéá³ëüø ðîçïîâñþäæåíèì ý êðàïåëüíå æèâëåííÿ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷èõ ìàøèí. Ôîðìóâàííÿ êðàïë³ ïðîõîäèòü íàñòóïíèì ÷èíîì: ñêëîìàñà ç âèðîáíî¿ ÷àñòèíè ïå÷³ íàäõîäèòü ïî êàíàëó â ÷àøó 1 æèâèëüíèêà.  äí³ ÷àø³ º îòâ³ð, ÿêèé çà÷èíÿºòüñÿ î÷êîì 4. Íàä îòâîðîì î÷êà â ñêëîìàñó çàíóðåíèé öèë³íäðè÷íèé âîãíåòðèâêèé ïëóíæåð 2. Äëÿ óòâîðåííÿ êðàïë³ ç ñêëîìàñè, ùî âèò³êຠêð³çü î÷êî ïëóíæåðó íàäàþòü çâîðîòíî-ïîñòóïàëüíîãî ðóõó. Ïðîöåñ  óòâîðåííÿ êðàïë³ çà äîïîìîãîþ ïëóíæåðà ïî÷èíàºòüñÿ ç ìîìåíòó, êîëè ¿¿ â³äð³çàþòü íîæèöÿìè 5. Ñêëîìàñà, ùî âèñòóïຠï³ä î÷êîì âèòÿãóºòüñÿ ³ ï³ä 䳺þ ñèë ïîâåðõíåâîãî íàòÿãó îêðóãëþºòüñÿ. Êîëè ïëóíæåð ðóõàºòüñÿ ââåðõ â³í çàòÿãóº çà ñîáîþ ñêëîìàñó, â íàñë³äîê ÷îãî çàëèøîê ñêëîìàñè, ùî âèñòóïຠçàòÿãóºòüñÿ âñåðåäèíó î÷êà. Ïðè ðóñ³ ïëóíæåðà âíèç êð³çü î÷êî âèøòîâõóºòüñÿ ãàðÿ÷à â’ÿçêà ñêëîìàñà. Ïðè ðóñ³ ïëóíæåðà ââåðõ âèíèêຠñòîíøåííÿ (øèéêà) â ñòðóìåí³ ñêëà. Êðàïëÿ â³äð³çàºòüñÿ â ì³ñö³ ñòîíøåííÿ. Äëÿ ïåðåì³øóâàííÿ ñêëîìàñè â ÷àø³ â äåÿêèõ æèâèëüíèêàõ âñòàíîâëþþòü ñïåö³àëüíèé âîãíåòðèâêèé öèë³íäð – áóøèíã 3, ÿêèé îáåðòàºòüñÿ íàâêîëî ïëóíæåðà.

²ñíóþòü ïíåâìàòè÷í³ òà ìåõàí³÷í³ æèâèëüíèêè.  ïíåâìàòè÷íèõ æèâèëüíèêàõ ñèíõðîí³çàö³ÿ ðîáîòè òà ïðèâ³ä ïëóíæåðà, íîæèö³â ³ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè â³äáóâàºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ñòèñíåíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ. ðîáîòà ïíåâìàòè÷íèõ æèâèëüíèê³â íåïîñò³éíà ³ç-çà çì³í òèñêó â ìåðåæ³ ñòèñíåíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ.  ìåõàí³÷íèõ æèâèëüíèêàõ âñ³ ìåõàí³çìè ïðèâîäÿòüñÿ ó ðóõ â³ä åëåêòðîïðèâîäó àáî â³ä ìåõàí³çìó ïðèâîäó ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè.

Ðèñóíîê 4.5 – ñõåìà óòâîðåííÿ êðàïë³ íà ð³çíèõ ñòàä³ÿõ ðîáîòè æèâèëüíèêà

Êð³ì òîãî ìåõàí³÷í³ æèâèëüíèêè ðîçä³ëÿþòüñÿ çà ñïîñîáîì îá³ãð³âó ñêëîìàñè íà 4 ãðóïè:

ç ð³äèííèì îïàëþâàííÿì;

ç ãàçîâèì îïàëþâàííÿì;

ç åëåêòðè÷íèì îïàëåííÿì;

ç êîìá³íîâàíèì îïàëåííÿì.

Äî ðîáîòè æèâèëüíèêà ñòàâëÿòüñÿ æîðñòê³ âèìîãè. ³í ïîâèíåí â çàäàíîìó ðåæèì³ âèäàâàòè â ôîðìè ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè ïîðö³¿ ñêëîìàñè ó âèãëÿä³ êðàïåëü, ÿê³ ìàþòü âèçíà÷åíí³ ïàðàìåòðè: òåìïåðàòóðó(â’ÿçê³ñòü), ìàñó(îá’ºì) ³ ôîðìó. Øâèäê³ñòü óòâîðåííÿ êðàïåëü çàëåæèòü â³ä ìåòîäó ³ êîíñòðóêö³¿ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè, â³ä òîâùèíè âèðîá³â, ¿õ ôîðìè, ñêëàäó ñêëà. ×àñòîòà â³äð³çó êðàïåëü ïîâèííà áóòè ð³âíîì³ðíîþ. Íåîáõ³äíî äîòðèìóâàòèñÿ ñèíõðîííîñò³ ðîáîòè æèâèëüíèêà òà ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè. Ñêëîìàñà ïîâèííà ìàòè òåìïåðàòóðó, ÿêà ïåðåâèùóº âåðõíþ ìåæó ¿¿ êðèñòàë³çàö³¿.

Â’ÿçê³ñòü ³ ìåæ³ òåìïåðàòóð êðèñòàë³çàö³¿ ñêëîìàñè çàëåæàòü â³ä ¿¿ õ³ì³÷íîãî ñêëàäó. Ìàñà êðàïë³ ïîâèííà â³äïîâ³äàòè ìàñ³ âèðîáó ³ çíàõîäèòèñÿ â ìåæàõ ñòàíäàðòó. Íà â³äõèëåííÿ â³ä öüîãî ñòàíäàðòó, à òàêîæ íà çì³íó ìàñè ³ êîíô³ãóðàö³¿ êðàïë³, ìîæíà âïëèâàòè øëÿõîì çì³íè òåìïåðàòóðè. Ôîðìà êðàïë³ ïîâèííà â³äïîâ³äàòè êîíô³ãóðàö³¿ ôîðìóþ÷î¿ ÷àñòèíè ÷åðíîâî¿ ôîðìè âèäóâíî¿ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè.

Ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü îá’ºìó (ìàñè) êðàïë³, ùî âèäàºòüñÿ æèâèëüíèêîì, çàáåçïå÷óºòüñÿ ïîñò³éí³ñòþ ð³âíþ ñêëîìàñè â ïå÷³ ³ â êàíàë³ æèâèëüíèêà, íàä³éí³ñòþ íàñòðîéêè ìåõàí³çì³â æèâèëüíèêà, ñâîº÷àñíèì ÷èùåííÿì àáî çàì³íîþ î÷êà æèâèëüíèêà.

 ñó÷àñíîìó âèðîáíèöòâ³ ñêëîòàðè íàéá³ëüø ðîçïîâñþäæåíèì ý êðàïåëüíå æèâëåííÿ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷èõ ìàøèí. ²ñíóþòü ïíåâìàòè÷í³ òà ìåõàí³÷í³ æèâèëüíèêè.  ïíåâìàòè÷íèõ æèâèëüíèêàõ ñèíõðîí³çàö³ÿ ðîáîòè òà ïðèâ³ä ïëóíæåðà, íîæèö³â ³ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè â³äáóâàºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ñòèñíåíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ. ðîáîòà ïíåâìàòè÷íèõ æèâèëüíèê³â íåïîñò³éíà ³ç-çà çì³í òèñêó â ìåðåæ³ ñòèñíåíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ.  ìåõàí³÷íèõ æèâèëüíèêàõ âñ³ ìåõàí³çìè ïðèâîäÿòüñÿ ó ðóõ â³ä åëåêòðîïðèâîäó àáî â³ä ìåõàí³çìó ïðèâîäó ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè.

Äî ðîáîòè æèâèëüíèêà ñòàâëÿòüñÿ æîðñòê³ âèìîãè. ³í ïîâèíåí â çàäàíîìó ðåæèì³ âèäàâàòè â ôîðìè ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè ïîðö³¿ ñêëîìàñè ó âèãëÿä³ êðàïåëü, ÿê³ ìàþòü âèçíà÷åíí³ ïàðàìåòðè: òåìïåðàòóðó(â’ÿçê³ñòü), ìàñó(îá’ºì) ³ ôîðìó. Øâèäê³ñòü óòâîðåííÿ êðàïåëü çàëåæèòü â³ä ìåòîäó ³ êîíñòðóêö³¿ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè, â³ä òîâùèíè âèðîá³â, ¿õ ôîðìè, ñêëàäó ñêëà. ×àñòîòà â³äð³çó êðàïåëü ïîâèííà áóòè ð³âíîì³ðíîþ. Íåîáõ³äíî äîòðèìóâàòèñÿ ñèíõðîííîñò³ ðîáîòè æèâèëüíèêà òà ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè. Ñêëîìàñà ïîâèííà ìàòè òåìïåðàòóðó, ÿêà ïåðåâèùóº âåðõíþ ìåæó ¿¿ êðèñòàë³çàö³¿.

Â’ÿçê³ñòü ³ ìåæ³ òåìïåðàòóð êðèñòàë³çàö³¿ ñêëîìàñè çàëåæàòü â³ä ¿¿ õ³ì³÷íîãî ñêëàäó. Ìàñà êðàïë³ ïîâèííà â³äïîâ³äàòè ìàñ³ âèðîáó ³ çíàõîäèòèñÿ â ìåæàõ ñòàíäàðòó. Íà â³äõèëåííÿ â³ä öüîãî ñòàíäàðòó, à òàêîæ íà çì³íó ìàñè ³ êîíô³ãóðàö³¿ êðàïë³, ìîæíà âïëèâàòè øëÿõîì çì³íè òåìïåðàòóðè. Ôîðìà êðàïë³ ïîâèííà â³äïîâ³äàòè êîíô³ãóðàö³¿ ôîðìóþ÷î¿ ÷àñòèíè ÷åðíîâî¿ ôîðìè âèäóâíî¿ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè.

Ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü îá’ºìó (ìàñè) êðàïë³, ùî âèäàºòüñÿ æèâèëüíèêîì, çàáåçïå÷óºòüñÿ ïîñò³éí³ñòþ ð³âíþ ñêëîìàñè â ïå÷³ ³ â êàíàë³ æèâèëüíèêà, íàä³éí³ñòþ íàñòðîéêè ìåõàí³çì³â æèâèëüíèêà, ñâîº÷àñíèì ÷èùåííÿì àáî çàì³íîþ î÷êà æèâèëüíèêà.

Òàá­ëè­öÿ 4.4. – òåõ­í³­÷­íà õà­ðà­ê­òå­ðè­ñ­òè­êà æèâèëüíèêà 2ÏÌÃ-521

òèï æè­âè­ëü­íè­êà 2ÏÌÃ-521
òèï æè­â­ëåí­íÿ îä­íî êðà­ïå­ëü­íå äâîõ êðà­ïå­ëü­íå
ïðî­äó­ê­òè­â­í³ñòü, êðàï/õâ 18.7 36.14
òèï ìà­øè­íè ÂÂ-7
ìà­ñà êðà­ï­ë³, ã äî 1500 äî 450
ä³­à­ìåòð îòâî­ðó â³­÷­êà, ìì 29-95
õ³ä ïëó­í­æå­ðó, ìì 30-100
â³ä­ñòàíü â³ä ð³­â­íÿ ñêëî­ìà­ñè äî ð³­â­íþ ï³ä­ëî­ãè öå­õó, ìì 3290
â³ä­ñòàíü â³ä áðó­ñó ïå­÷³ äî öåíòðà â³­÷­êà, ìì 5.065
òî­â­ùè­íà ñëîþ ñêëî­ìà­ñè â êà­íà­ë³, ìì 155
øè­ðè­íà êà­íà­ëó, ìì: â çî­í³ îõî­ëî­äæåí­íÿ 660
â çî­í³ êîí­äè­ö³­þ­âàí­íÿ 360-420
ïðè­ðî­ä­íèé ãàç: òèñê, ÌÏà 0.02-0.05
âè­òðà­òè, ì3/ñ 0.0091
ñòè­ñ­íå­íå ïî­â³­ò­ðÿ: òèñê, Ïà 0.21-0.35
âè­òðà­òè, ì3/ñ 0.066
âå­í­òè­ëÿ­òî­ð­íå ïî­â³­ò­ðÿ òèñê, Ïà 1470
âè­òðà­òè, ì3/ñ 0.4444
âî­äà äëÿ îõî­ëî­äæåí­íÿ íî­æè­ö³â òà çëè­â­íî­ãî ëî­ò­êó òèñê, Ïà 0.1
âè­òðà­òè, ì3/ñ 0.007
ïîòó­æ­í³ñòü äâè­ãó­íà, êÂò 2.8
ðîç­ì³­ðè æèâèëüíèêà, ìì: äî­â­æè­íà 5600
øè­ðè­íà 2300
âè­ñî­òà 5605
ìà­ñà, êã 13050

4.7. Ôîðìóâàííÿ ñêëîâèðîá³â[2],[3],[6]

Ôîðìóâàííÿ âèðîá³â âèêîíóºòüñÿ íà ðîòîðíèõ ñêëîôîðìóþ÷èõ ìàøèíàõ ÂÂ-7.

Ìàøèíà ÂÂ-7 ìຠäâà ñòîëè – ÷îðíîâèé òà ÷èñòîâèé íà ÿêèõ çíàõîäÿòüñÿ 7 ÷îðíîâèõ òà 7 ÷èñòîâèõ ôîðìîâèõ êîìïëåêòè. ×îðíîâèé ñò³ë ðîçòàøîâàíèé íàä ÷èñòîâèì.

Ôîðìóâàííÿ âèðîá³â íà ðîòîðíèõ ìàøèíàõ âèêîíóºòüñÿ íàñòóïíèì ÷èíîì. Ïåðåä ïðèéîìîì ÷åðãîâî¿ êðàïë³ ñêëîìàñè ôîðìà çìàùóºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ äâîõ ôîðñóíîê âèñîêîãî òèñêó, ùî ðîçáðèçêóþòü ìàñòèëî.  ìîìåíò ïîäàâàííÿ êðàïë³ â ÷îðíîâó ôîðìó â ãîðëîâ³é ¿¿ ÷àñòèí³ ïî÷èíຠä³ÿòè âàêóóì. ijÿ âàêóóìó ïðèïèíÿºòüñÿ ï³ñëÿ îôîðìëåííÿ ãîðëà âèðîáó. Çà öåé ÷àñ íàïðàâëÿþ÷à âèðâà â³äâîäèòüñÿ â ñòîðîíó, ³ ÷îðíîâó ôîðìó, ÿêà îáåðíóëàñÿ ââåðõ äíîì çâåðõó çàìèêຠäîííèé çàòâîð. âèäóâàííÿ ïóëüêè âèêîíóºòüñÿ çíèçó ââåðõ, ï³ñëÿ ÷îãî ÷îðíîâà ôîðìà â³ä÷èíÿºòüñÿ, ³ ïóëüêà îáåðòàþ÷èñü íà 1800 ðàçîì ç ãîðëîâèìè ê³ëüöÿìè ïåðåäàºòüñÿ íà ÷èñòîâèé ñò³ë, äå ï³ñëÿ ðîçêðèâàííÿ ãîðëîâèõ ê³ëåöü âèêîíóºòüñÿ âàêóóìíå âèäóâàííÿ âèðîáó. Ïåðåä â³ä÷èíåííÿì ÷èñòîâî¿ ôîðìè ä³ÿ âàêóóìó ïðèïèíÿºòüñÿ, â³äñòàâëþâà÷ çàõîïëþº âèð³á çà ãîðëîâó ÷àñòèíó ³ âñòàíîâëþº éîãî íà îõîëîäæóþ÷èé ñò³ë.

                                     

Ðèñóíîê 4.6 - ñõåìà âèãîòîâëåííÿ ïëÿøîê íà àâòîìàò³ ÂÂ-7

Îõîëîäæóþ÷èé ñò³ë ïðèçíà÷åíèé äëÿ çîâí³øíüîãî îõîëîäæåííÿ âèðîá³â. Íà â³äì³íó â³ä ìàøèíè îõîëîäæóþ÷èé ñò³ë âèêîíóº ïåðåðèâ÷àñò³ ðóõè. Íà ñòîë³ ìîæëèâî âñòàíîâëåííÿ ïðèñòðî¿â äëÿ âíóòð³øíüîãî îõîëîäæåííÿ âèðîá³â àáî äëÿ îïëàâëåííÿ â³í÷èêó âèðîá³â.

Ôîðìè ìàøèíè îõîëîäæóþòü âåíòèëÿòîðíèì ïîâ³òðÿì, ÿêå ïîñòóïàþ÷è ó ïîëó öåíòðàëüíó êîëîíó, íàïðàâëÿºòüñÿ ïî ñïåö³àëüíèì êàíàëàì äî êåðîâàíèõ ïîâ³òðÿíèõ ïàòðóáê³â îáäóâàííÿ ôîðì ÷îðíîâîãî òà ÷èñòîâîãî ñòîë³â. Ö³ ìàøèíè ìîæóòü áóòè îñíàùåíí³ ÿê îäíîì³ñöåâèìè òà ³ äâîõì³ñöåâèìè ôîðìàìè. Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ìàøèíè ÂÂ-7 ïðè îäíîêðàïåëüíîìó æèâëåíí³ ñòàíîâèòü äî 50 ïëÿøîê ì³ñòê³ñòþ 500 ìë çà õâèëèíó òà äî 80 ïëÿøîê çà õâèëèíó ïðè âèêîðèñòàíí³ äâîõêðàïåëüíîãî æèâëåííÿ.

4.8. ³äïàë âèðîá³â[5]

ϳä ÷àñ ôîðìóâàííÿ âèðîá³â òà ¿õ îõîëîäæåííÿ ì³æ ïîâåðõíåâèìè òà âíóòð³øí³ìè øàðàìè âèíèêຠð³çíèöÿ òåìïåðàòóð, ÿêà ïîâ’ÿçàíà ç íèçüêîþ òåïëîïðîâ³äí³ñòþ ñêëà.  ðåçóëüòàò³ íåð³âíîì³ðíîãî îõîëîäæåííÿ âíóòð³øí³õ çà çîâí³øí³õ øàð³â ñêëà â ñêë³ âèíèêàþòü íàïðóæåííÿ ñòèñêó òà ðîçòÿãàííÿ. øâèäê³ñòü çíèêíåííÿ íàïðóæåííÿ ïðÿìî ïðîïîðö³éíà òåêó÷îñò³ òà çâîðîòíî ïðîïîðö³éíà â’ÿçêîñò³ ñåðåäè.

ϳñëÿ ïîâíîãî îõîëîäæåííÿ ñêëà, òîáòî, êîëè òåìïåðàòóðà ïî âñüîìó îá’ºìó ñòàíå îäíàêîâîþ, íàïðóæåííÿ, ÿê³ âèíèêëè ï³ä ÷àñ îõîëîäæåííÿ, àáî çíèêàþòü àáî çàëèøàþòüñÿ. Ïåðøå ñïîñòåð³ãàºòüñÿ, êîëè ïðîöåñ øâèäêîãî îõîëîäæåííÿ ïðîò³êຠïðè òåìïåðàòóðàõ, ùî âèêëþ÷àþòü â’ÿçê³ äåôîðìàö³¿. Äðóãèé âèïàäîê ïîâ’ÿçàíèé ç â’ÿçêèìè çì³íàìè ôîðìè ñêëà ³ äóæå ðîçïîâñþäæåíèé ïðè îòðèìàíí³ çàãàðòîâàíîãî àáî â³äïàëåíîãî ñêëà.

Çàëèøêîâ³ âíóòð³øí³ íàïðóæåííÿ â ñêë³ òèì á³ëüøå, ÷èì á³ëüøå øâèäê³ñòü îõîëîäæåííÿ, ÷èì òîâñò³øå ñò³íêà âèðîáó ³ ÷èì âèùå òåìïåðàòóðà, â³ä ÿêî¿ ïî÷èíàºòüñÿ îõîëîäæåííÿ.

ßêùî øâèäêî îõîëîäæóâàòè ïîçáàâëåíå íàïðóæåíü ñêëî, ïî÷èíàþ÷è â³ä òåìïåðàòóð, ïðè ÿêèõ âîíî íàáóâຠêðèõê³ñòü, òîáòî, ÿêùî éîãî â’ÿçê³ñòü äîð³âíþº1013-1014 Ïà*ñ , òî íåçàëåæíî â³ä òîãî, ÿêó øâèäê³ñòü îõîëîäæåííÿ âèêîðèñòàíî, çàëèøêîâ³ íàïðóæåííÿ â ñêë³ âæå íå âèíèêàòèìóòü.

³ä­ïàë ñêëî­âè­ðî­á³â ïðî­âî­äèòü­ñÿ â ÷î­òè­ðè ñòà­ä³¿:                                                                                   1) ïî­ïå­ðå­äí³é íà­ãð³â àáî îõî­ëî­äæåí­íÿ âè­ðî­á³â äî âè­ùî¿ òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðè â³ä­ïà­ëó;                           2) âè­òðè­ì­êà âè­ðî­á³â ïðè ö³é òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ð³;                                                                            3) ïî­â³­ëü­íå îõî­ëî­äæåí­íÿ, â ³í­òåð­âà­ë³ â³ä­ïà­ëó;                                                                                            4) øâè­ä­êå îõî­ëî­äæåí­íÿ âè­ðî­á³â â³ä íè­æ­÷î¿ òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðè â³ä­ïà­ëó äî íî­ð­ìà­ëü­íî¿ òå­ì­ïå­ðà­òó­ðè.

³ä­ïàë ïðî­âî­äÿòü â ïå­÷àõ â³ä­ïà­ëó ïî ïî­ïå­ðå­äíüî ðîç­ðà­õî­âà­íî­ìó ðå­æè­ìó. ³ä ñêëî­ôî­ð­ìó­âà­ëü­íî¿ ìà­øè­íè äî ïå­÷³ â³ä­ïà­ëó âè­ðî­áè ïî­äà­þòü­ñÿ ó çà­êðè­òèõ ç âåð­õó òà ç áî­ê³â êîí­âå­º­ðàõ. Äëÿ çà­ïî­á³­ãàí­íÿ âè­íè­ê­íåí­íÿ çà­òî­ð³â íà ïî­âî­ðî­òàõ äî òðàíñ­ïî­ð­òå­ðó òà âõî­ä³ â ï³÷ â³ä­ïà­ëó âñòà­íî­â­ëþ­ºòü­ñÿ äè­ñê-­ä³­ëè­ëü­íèê äëÿ ôî­ð­ìó­âàí­íÿ ù³­ëèí ïî­ì³æ âè­ðî­áà­ìè. Ïå­ðå­ñòà­â­íèê ôî­ð­ìóº ïà­ðà­ëå­ëü­í³ ðÿ­äè âè­ðî­á³â ç ù³­ëè­íà­ìè ïðî­ì³æ íè­ìè â ðÿ­äó 5-30 ìì. Òà­ê³ ñà­ì³ ù³­ëè­íè ï³ä­òðè­ìóº êîí­âå­ºð ïå­÷³ â³ä­ïà­ëó. âõ³ä òà âè­õ³ä ïå­÷³ òå­ï­ëî­³çî­ëüî­âà­í³ ”ï –ïî­ä³­á­íî­þ” øòî­ð­êî­þ. Íàé­á³ëüø çðó­÷­í³, ïðî­ñ­ò³ òà åôå­ê­òè­â­í³ åëå­ê­ò­ðè­÷­í³ ïå­÷³ â³ä­ïà­ëó. Âî­íè ìà­þòü íà­ãð³­âà­÷³ îïî­ðó, ÿê³ ðîç­ì³­ùó­þòü­ñÿ âñå­ðå­äè­í³ ïå­÷³ òà êîí­öå­í­ò­ðó­þòü­ñÿ íà òèõ àáî ³í­øèõ ä³­ëÿ­í­êàõ ïå­÷³ ó â³ä­ïî­â³­ä­íî­ñ­ò³ äî êðè­âî¿ â³ä­ïà­ëó.

Ó âèðîáíèöòâ³ ñêëîòàðè íàéêðàù³øèìè ñåáå âèÿâèëè öèðêóëÿö³éí³ ïå÷³. Âîíè õàðàêòåðí³ òèì, ùî äëÿ âèð³âíþâàííÿ òåìïåðàòóðè â íèõ ñòâîðþþòü ïåðåì³ííèé ðóõ ïîâ³òðÿ ïî âèñîò³ òóíåëþ.

                                     

Ðèñóíîê 4.7. – ñõåìà 䳿 êîíâåêòèâíîãî òåïëîîáì³íó

Öèðêóëÿö³éíèì âåíòèëÿòîðîì 3 ãàðÿ÷å ïîâ³òðÿ çàáèðàºòüñÿ â âåðõí³é ÷àñòèí³ òóíåëþ ³ ïîñòóïຠïî áîêîâèì êàíàëàì ïîñòóïຠï³ä êîíâåºðíó ñòð³÷êó 2, ïðè öüîìó âîíî îáìèâຠçíèçó ââåðõ âñòàíîâëåí³ íà í³é âèðîáè. ϳä³ãð³â öèðêóëþþ÷îãî ïîâ³òðÿ çä³éñíþºòüñÿ â áîêîâèõ êàíàëàõ çà äîïîìîãîþ íàãð³âà÷³â 1. öèðêóëÿö³éí³ âåíòèëÿòîðè  çàáåçïå÷óþòü âèð³âíþâàííÿ òåìïåðàòóðè âèðîá³â ïî äîâæèí³ òà ïî øèðèí³ â³äïîâ³äíèõ ñåêö³é ïå÷³.

Äëÿ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ çàäàíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè ïî äîâæèí³ òóíåëþ îäíî÷àñíî ç íàãð³âà÷àìè âñòàíîâëåí³ îõîëîäæóþ÷³ ïðèñòðî¿. Äëÿ îõîëîäæåííÿ ïåðåäáà÷åí³ âåíòèëÿòîðè 4, ÿê³ ïîäàþòü çîâí³øíº ïîâ³òðÿ ó êàíàëè, ÿê³ ïðèìèêàþòü äî íèæíüî¿ òà áîêîâèõ ñòîð³í ò³º¿ ÷àñòèíè òóíåëþ, ùî îïàëþºòüñÿ. Ö³ âåíòèëÿòîðè âìèêàþòüñÿ òîä³, êîëè òåìïåðàòóðà â ò³é ÷è ³íø³é ñåêö³¿ ïåðåâèùóº çàäàíó. Êîíòðîëü çà òåìïåðàòóðîþ âèêîíóºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ òåðìîïàð. Òàêîæ ìîæëèâèì º àâòîìàòè÷íå ðåãóëþâàííÿ çàäàíîãî ðåæèìó â³äïàëó.

Äëÿ êîæíîãî òèïó âèðîá³â, òîáòî äëÿ âèðîá³â ìàñà òà òîâùèíà ñò³íîê ÿêèõ â³äð³çíÿþòüñÿ íå³ñòîòíî ðîçðàõîâóºòüñÿ îêðåìèé ðåæèì â³äïàëó.

Òàá­ëè­öÿ 4.5 – òåõ­í³­÷­íà õà­ðà­ê­òå­ðè­ñ­òè­êà ïå÷³ â³ä­ïà­ëó

òèï ïå­÷³ ÏÅÎ 323
ïðî­äó­ê­òè­â­í³ñòü, êã/ãîä 2500
ðîç­ì³­ðè ðî­áî­÷î­ãî ïðî­ñ­òî­ðó, ì âè­ñî­òà 0.45
øè­ðè­íà 1.2
äî­â­æè­íà 16
ãà­áà­ðè­òè ïå­÷³, ì âè­ñî­òà 2,51
øè­ðè­íà 3,26
äî­â­æè­íà 23,67
øè­ðè­íà òðàíñ­ïî­ð­òó­þ­÷î¿ ñ³­ò­êè, ì 1800
øâè­ä­ê³ñòü ñ³­ò­êè, ì/õâ 0,04-0,8
âè­òðà­òè åëå­ê­ò­ðî­åíå­ð­ã³¿,êÂò 250

4.9. Íàíåñåííÿ çàõèñíîãî ïîêðèòòÿ

Íà­íå­ñåí­íÿ çà­õè­ñ­íèõ îê­ñè­ä­íî ìå­òà­ëå­âèõ ïî­êðèò­ò³â íà çî­â­í³­ø­íþ ïî­âå­ð­õ­íþ ñêëÿ­íî¿ òà­ðè ç ìå­òîþ ï³ä­âè­ùåí­íÿ ¿¿ åêñ­ïëó­à­òà­ö³é­íî¿ íà­ä³é­íî­ñ­ò³ çä³é­ñ­íþ­ºòü­ñÿ øëÿ­õîì îá­ðî­á­ëÿí­íÿ ñâ³­æî â³ä­ôî­ð­ìî­âà­íèõ ñêëî­âè­ðî­á³â ïà­ðî­ïî­â³­ò­ðÿ­íîþ ñó­ì³­ø­øþ , ÿêà âì³­ùóº òå­ò­ðà­õ­ëî­ðèä îëî­âà àáî òè­òà­íó, ó ñïå­ö³­à­ëü­íî­ìó ïðè­ëà­ä³, ÿêèé ìî­í­òó­ºòü­ñÿ íà êîí­âå­ºð, ùî ç’ºä­íóº ñêëî­ôî­ð­ìó­âà­ëü­íó ìà­øè­íó òà ï³÷ â³ä­ïà­ëó. ×å­ðåç âçà­º­ìî­ä³þ ïà­ðî­ïî­â³­ò­ðÿ­íî¿ ñó­ì³­ø³ ç ïî­âå­ð­õ­íåþ ñêëÿ­íî¿ òà­ðè óòâî­ðþ­ºòü­ñÿ çà­õè­ñ­íà ïë³­â­êà ç îê­ñè­äó îëî­âà àáî òè­òà­íó, ÿêà çà­õè­ùຠïî­âå­ð­õ­íþ â³ä âïëè­âó íà­âêî­ëè­ø­í³õ ÷èí­íè­ê³â. Óñòàíîâêà ìîíòóºòüñÿ íà „ãàðÿ÷îìó êîíâåºð³” íà â³äñòàí³ 1-1,5 ì â³ä ñòîëà îõîëîäæåííÿ ñêëîâèðîá³â. Êîíòðîëü ê³ëüêîñò³ ñòèñíåíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ, çä³éñíþºòüñÿ ðîòàìåòðàìè.  êîíñòðóêö³¿ ïàðàä áà÷åíî ï³ä³ãð³â ðåàãåíòó â âèïàðíèêó ç àâòîìàòè÷íèì ï³äòðèìàííÿì çàäàíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè. Äëÿ öüîãî ï³ä âèïàðíèêîì çàêð³ïëåíèé âóçîë ï³ä³ãð³âó.

Òåòðà³çîïðîï³ëàò òèòàíó – ñâ³òëî – æîâòà ð³äèíà, ãîðèòü, ïðè êîíòàêò³ ç âîäîþ ðîçêëàäàºòüñÿ ³ ïåðåòâîðþºòüñÿ â êðèñòàë³÷íèé ã³äðîîêèñ òèòàíó. ðîç÷èíÿºòüñÿ ó áåíçîë³, ãåêñàí³, àöåòîí³. Òåìïåðàòóðà ï³ä³ãð³âó òåòðà³çîïðîï³ëàòó òèòàíó 100-1200Ñ. ßêùî éîãî ïåðåãð³òè, òî â³í âòðà÷ຠñâî¿ âëàñòèâîñò³. Ïðè íàíåñåíí³ íà âèðîáè, òåìïåðàòóðà ÿêèõ ïåðåâèùóº 3500Ñ ðîçêëàäàºòüñÿ.

Òàáëèöÿ 4.6 – òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà óñòàòêóâàííÿ äëÿ íàíåñåííÿ çàõèñíîãî ïîêðèòòÿ

àñîðòèìåíò âèðîá³â, ÿê³ ìîæíà îáðîáëþâàòè ñêëÿí³ ïëÿøêè òà áàíêè
ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, øò./ãîä â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ñêëîôîðìóâàëüíî¿ ìàøèíè
õ³ì³êàò äëÿ íàíåñåííÿ ïîêðèòòÿ

òåòðà³çîïðîï³ëàò òèòàíó (ÑÍ3-ÑÍÎ-ÑÍ3)4Ò³

ñïîñ³á íàíåñåííÿ ïîêðèòòÿ îñàäæåííÿ ïàðîïîâ³òðÿíî¿ ñóì³ø³
ðîáî÷à òåìïåðàòóðà õ³ì³êàòó â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä õ³ì³êàòó
âèòðàòè õ³ì³êàòó, ë/äîáó 1,5-2
ê³ëüê³ñòü âèïàðíèê³â, øò. 2
ì³ñòê³ñòü âèïàðíèê³â, ë 6
òèñê ñòèñíåíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ, ÌÏà 0,3

âèòðàòè ñòèñíåíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ, ì3/ãîä

0,25
ï³ä³ãð³â ðåàãåíòó åëåêòðè÷íèé
æèâëåííÿ ñèñòåìè ï³ä³ãð³âó
íàïðóæåííÿ? V 220
÷àñòîòà, Ãö 50
ïîòóæí³ñòü íàãð³âà÷³â, êÂò

20,75

ê³ëüê³ñòü çîí ï³ä³ãð³âó 2
âåíòèëÿòîð íàääóâó

îáåðòè äâèãóíà, õâ.-1

2800
äâèãóí 5KG 56-2B/6
æèâëåííÿ äâèãóíà
íàïðóæåííÿ, V 380ÀÑ
÷àñòîòà, Ãö 50
ïîòóæí³ñòü, êÂò 0,12

4.10. Êî­í­ò­ðî­ëü ÿêî­ñ­ò³ âè­ðî­á³â[2],[3]

Êîíòðîëü çà ÿê³ñòþ ïî÷èíàºòüñÿ ç âõ³äíîãî êîíòðîëþ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â. Ç êîæíî¿ çàâåçåíî¿ ïàðò³¿ ñèðîâèíè â³äáèðàºòüñÿ ïðîáà òà ïåðåäàºòüñÿ ó öåíòðàëüíó çàâîäñüêó ëàáîðàòîð³þ, äå âèäàºòüñÿ ïàñïîðò íà ñèðîâèíó, ¿¿ â³äïîâ³äí³ñòü íîðìàì òà ñòàíäàðòàì. Íàñòóïíèé êîíòðîëü â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ï³ñëÿ çì³øóâàííÿ øèõòè. Âîíà ïîâèííà â³äïîâ³äàòè âñ³ì âèìîãàì – îäíîð³äíîñò³, â³äïîâ³äíîñò³ ïàñïîðòó. Íà îäíîð³äí³ñòü êîíòðîëþºòüñÿ êîæíèé êþáåëü. Ñêëàä øèõòè ïåðåâ³ðÿºòüñÿ ðàç çà çì³íó. Êîíòðîëü çà ÿê³ñòþ ñêëîìàñè çä³éñíþºòüñÿ ñêëîâàðîì øëÿõîì â³äáîðó ïðîá ïåðåä ïðîòîêîì, à ïðè íåîáõ³äíîñò³ ç ðîáî÷î¿ çîíè. Êîíòðîëü ïðîâîäèòüñÿ â³çóàëüíî, íà ïðîâàð.

ßê³ñòü â³ä­ïà­ëó, ÿêà îö³­íþ­ºòü­ñÿ ïî ê³­ëü­êî­ñ­ò³ çà­ëè­ø­êî­âèõ âíó­ò­ð³­øí³õ íà­ïðó­æåíü òà ïî ¿õ ðîç­ïî­ä³­ëåí­í³ ó âè­ðî­á³, âè­çíà­÷ຠåêñ­ïëó­à­òà­ö³é­íó íà­ä³é­í³ñòü ñêëÿ­íî¿ òà­ðè. Ïî­ãà­íèé â³ä­ïàë ïðè­âî­äèòü äî çíè­æåí­íÿ òåð­ìî­ñò³é­êî­ñ­ò³ ³ ìå­õà­í³­÷­íî¿ ì³­ö­íî­ñ­ò³ òà­ðè, à ÷à­ñ­òî äî ¿¿ ñà­ìî­â³­ëü­íî­ãî ðóé­íó­âàí­íÿ áåç çî­â­í³­ø­íüî­ãî âïëè­âó. Îñòàíí³é åòàï - ïåðåâ³ðêà âèðîá³â íà â³ä­ñó­ò­í³­ñ­òü àáî íà­ÿâ­í³­ñ­òü ïî­äâ³é­íèõ øâ³â, ïî­ñ³­÷îê, ïëÿì â³ä çìà­ùåí­íÿ ôîðì, çìî­ð­øîê, ïî­êî­âà­íî­ñ­ò³, ïî­òå­ð­òî­ñ­ò³, çà­äè­ðîê, ð³­æó­÷èõ øâ³â, ñë³­ä³â â³ä íî­æè­ö³â, íå­äî­ôî­ð­ìî­âà­íî­ñ­ò³ øèé­êè âè­ðî­á³â. Öåé êîíòðîëü ïðîâîäèòüñÿ ïîñò³éíî.

Âà­æ­ëè­âå çíà­÷åí­íÿ ìຠæî­ð­ñ­ò­êå äî­òðè­ìàí­íÿ ñòà­í­äà­ð­ò­íèõ ãåî­ìå­ò­ðè­÷­íèõ ðîç­ì³­ð³â ³ ïî­âíî¿ ñó­ì³­ñ­íî­ñ­ò³ ñêëÿ­íî¿ òà­ðè. Äå­ôå­ê­òè ãåî­ìå­ò­ðè­÷­íèõ ðîç­ì³­ð³â, à ñà­ìå: íå­ïà­ðà­ëå­ëü­í³­ñ­òü òî­ð­öÿ â³­í­÷è­êó ïëî­ùè­í³ äíà, îâà­ëü­í³­ñ­òü øèé­êè òà êî­ð­ïó­ñó, â³ä­õè­ëåí­íÿ­ â³ñ³ øèéêè â³ä â³­ñ³ êîðïóñó, â³äõèëåííÿ ìàñè â³ä ñòàíäàðòó, çìåíøåííÿ àáî çá³ëüøåííÿ íàëèâíî¿ ºìíîñò³ âèðîá³â êîíòðîëþþòüñÿ ðàç íà çì³íó Äå­ôå­ê­òè âè­ðî­á­êè ñêëî­òà­ðè âè­çíà­÷à­þòü ¿¿ ìå­õà­í³­÷­íó âè­òðè­âà­ë³ñòü ³ òåð­ìî­ñò³é­ê³ñòü, ìî­æ­ëè­â³ñòü ¿¿ âè­êî­ðè­ñ­òàí­íÿ íà àâ­òî­ìà­òè­÷­íèõ ë³­í³­ÿõ ðîç­ëè­âó, âå­ëè­÷è­íó âòðàò ñêëî­òà­ðè òà õà­ð­÷î­âèõ ïðî­äó­ê­ò³â. Îêðå­ì³ äå­ôå­ê­òè âè­ðî­á­êè ìî­æóòü áó­òè øê³­ä­ëè­âè­ìè äëÿ çäî­ðî­â’ÿ ñïî­æè­âà­÷à­(­ð³­æó­÷³ øâè, çà­äè­ð­êè òà ³í).

ßê³ñòü òà­ðè ìî­æå çíà­÷­íî ïî­ã³­ð­øè­òèñü ïðè òðàíñ­ïî­ð­òó­âàí­í³, çáå­ð³­ãàí­í³ ³ çà­âà­í­òà­æó­âà­ëü­íî – ðîç­âà­í­òà­æó­âà­ëü­íèõ ðî­áî­òàõ. íå­çà­äî­â³­ëü­íà óïà­êî­â­êà ³ óìî­âè çáå­ð³­ãàí­íÿ ïðè­âî­äÿòü äî ïî­ÿâè ùå­ð­áèí, â³ä­êî­ë³â, òð³­ùèí, ïî­òå­ð­òî­ñ­òåé. ʳëüê³ñòü áðàêîâàíèõ âèðîá³â ïðÿìî çàëåæèòü â³ä ç’ºìó ñêëîìàñè: - ç³ çá³ëüøåííÿì ç’ºìó ñêëîìàñè ï³äâèùóºòüñÿ ïðîöåíò áðàêó. Òà ïðè ìàêñèìàëüíèõ ç`ºìàõ ïðîöåíò áðàêó ñòàíîâèòü 5-7%, à ïðè íîðìàëüí³é ðîáîò³ - 3-4%.

4.11. Ïàêóâàííÿ ãîòîâèõ âèðîá³â[2]

Ñêëîòàðó óïàêîâóþòü ð³çíîìàí³òíèìè ñïîñîáàìè: â ÿùèêè, êîíòåéíåðè, òà ³í., àëå íàéá³ëüø ðàö³îíàëüíèì º ñïîñ³á óïàêóâàííÿ â áåçòàðí³ ïàêåòè íà ï³ääîíàõ – ïîëåòè. ßê ïîêàçàëà çàêîðäîííà òà â³ò÷èçíÿíà ïðàêòèêà êðàùèì ñïîñîáîì óïàêîâêè, à îñîáëèâî ç òî÷êè çîðó ñõîðîííîñò³ ÿêîñò³ òàðè, º áåçòàðíå ïàêóâàííÿ.

 öüîìó âèïàäêó äóæå ñïðîùóºòüñÿ ïðîöåäóðà ïàêóâàííÿ, âèíèêຠìîæëèâ³ñòü âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè åëåêòðè÷í³ íàâàíòàæóâà÷³, êð³ì òîãî, çàáåçïå÷óºòüñÿ äîñòàòíÿ ÷èñòîòà âèðîá³â, òîìó çàì³ñòü ìèòòÿ äîñòàòíüî îïîë³ñêóâàííÿ âíóòð³øíüî¿ ïîâåðõí³ âèðîá³â âîäîþ. Óïàêîâóâàííÿ â áåçòàðí³ ïàêåòè íà ï³ääîíàõ ð³çêî çíèæóº ê³ëüê³ñòü áîþ ïðè ïåðåâåçåíí³ òà íàâàíòàæóâàëüíî - ðîçâàíòàæóâàëüíèõ ðîáîòàõ.

Áåçòàðíèé ïàêåò óÿâëÿº ñîáîþ óêëàäåí³ â ê³ëüêà ðÿä³â íà ï³ääîí íèçüêîáîðòí³ ëîòêè ( ç ãîôðîâàíîãî êàðòîíó) ³ç ïëÿøêàìè. Çâåðõó íà ëîòêè òà ï³ääîí íàòÿãóºòüñÿ ðóêàâ òåðìîóñàäî÷íî¿ ïë³âêè, ï³ñëÿ ÷îãî ï³ääîí òåðì³÷íî îáðîáëÿºòüñÿ (Òîáðîáêè=20000Ñ) òà óòÿãóºòüñÿ äâîìà êàïðîíîâèìè ñòð³÷êàìè.

Óïàêîâóâàííÿ â áåçòàðí³ ïàêåòè ìຠðÿä ïåðåâàã: Ìåõàí³çîâàíà òà àâòîìàòèçîâàíà çáîðêà òà ðîçáèðàííÿ ïàêåò³â, ìåõàí³çîâàíå çàâàíòàæåííÿ òà ðîçâàíòàæåííÿ íà âàíòàæí³ ìàøèíè òà â çàë³çíè÷í³ âàãîíè, ñêëàäóâàííÿ ïàêåò³â âèêîíóºòüñÿ íàâàíòàæóâà÷àìè ó äâà ÿðóñè.

Áåçòàðí³ ïàêåòè ïî çð³âíÿííþ ç ãðóïîâèìè çâ’ÿçêàìè çàáåçïå÷óþòü: - çá³ëüøåííÿ ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ïðàö³ ïðè óïàêîâö³, çìåíøåííÿ íåîáõ³äíî¿ äëÿ ñêëàäóâàííÿ ïëÿøîê òåðèòî𳿠â 1,7 ðàçè, à çìåíøåííÿ ïðàöåì³ñòêîñò³ òà ê³ëüêîñò³ ïî¿çäîê íàâàíòàæóâà÷³â â 1.3 ðàçè, çìåíøåííÿ ïðàöåì³ñòêîñò³ çàâàíòàæåííÿ òà çàêð³ïëåííÿ ïëÿøîê ó çàë³çíè÷í³ âàãîíè â 4,1 ðàçè, çìåíøåííÿ ïðàöåì³ñòêîñò³ ïðè ðîçâàíòàæåíí³ ïëÿøîê ç çàë³çíè÷íèõ âàãîí³â ó 11,6 ðàçè, çìåíøåííÿ ïðàöåì³ñòêîñò³ ïðè âèäà÷³ ïëÿøîê ç³ ñêëàäó íà ë³í³þ ðîçëèâó ó 5,5 ðàçè, ï³äâèùåííÿ ð³âíÿ ìåõàí³çàö³¿ íà îïåðàö³ÿõ çáèðàííÿ òà ðîçáèðàííÿ, çàâàíòàæóâàëüíî - ðîçâàíòàæóâàëüíèõ ³ ñêëàäñüêèõ ðîáîòàõ â 1,6 ðàçè, çìåíøåííÿ áîþ ïëÿøîê ó 8 ðàç³â, ñêîðî÷åííÿ çàãàëüíèõ âèòðàò íà 1 ìëí. ïëÿøîê ó 1.58 ðàçè.

4.12. Âíóòð³øíüîçàâîäñüêå òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ãîòîâèõ âèðîá³â[2]

Âíóòð³øíüîçàâîäñüêå òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ãîòîâèõ âèðîá³â âèêîíóºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ êîíâåºð³â, ë³ôò³â òà åëåêòðè÷íèõ âèëî÷íèõ íàâàíòàæóâà÷³â.Íà òåðèòî𳿠öåõó ïðàöþº 4-5 âèëî÷í³ íàâàíòàæóâà÷³, ÿê³ âèêîíóþòü äîñòàâêó ñôîðìîâàíèõ ïàêåò³â äî ë³ôò³â(ð³âåíü 13.8 ì). ˳ôòàìè ïàêåòè îïóñêàþòüñÿ íà ïåðøèé ïîâåðõ(ð³âåíü 0 ì), ³ äàë³ ïåðåâîçÿòüñÿ äî ñêëàäñüêèõ ïðèì³ùåíü.

4.13. Ñêëàäóâàííÿ ãîòîâèõ âèðîá³â[2]

Ñêëàäóâàííÿ âèêîíóºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ âèäåëêîâèõ íàâàíòàæóâà÷³â. Ïàêåòè ñòàâëÿòü ó äâà ÿðóñè. Äîïóñêàºòüñÿ ñêëàäóâàííÿ ãîòîâèõ âèðîá³â ïðîñòî ï³ä â³äêðèòèì íåáîì, àëå ïðîòÿãîì äâîõ ì³ñÿö³â.

5. Ìàòåð³àëüíèé áàëàíñ âèðîáíèöòâà[8]

5.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê âèðîáíè÷î¿ ïðîãðàìè

Çà íîðìàìè òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ïðîåêòóâàííÿ öåõ³â áåçóïèííîãî ôîðìóâàííÿ ïëÿøîê ïåðåäáà÷åí³ íàñòóïí³ ïîêàçíèêè:

Òàáëèöÿ 5.1. – íîðìè òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ïðîåêòóâàííÿ öåõó

¹ íàéìåíóâàííÿ
1 òèï ñêëîôîðìóþ÷î¿ ìàøèíè ÂÂ-7
2 îá’ºì âèðîáíèöòâà ìëí. øò./ð³ê 170
3 êîåô³ö³ºíò âèêîðèñòàííÿ ñêëîìàñè 0,87
4 òèï æèâèëüíèêà ÏÊ1552
5 ð³÷íèé ôîíä ðîáî÷îãî ÷àñó, ä³á 365
àñîðòèìåíò âèðîá³â îä. âèì³ðó ïëÿøêè
1 îá’ºì âèðîá³â ìë. 500 250
2 âàãà âèðîáó ã 430 260
3 øâèäê³ñòü ôîðìóâàííÿ øò.\õâ 40 50
4 êîåô³ö³ºíò âèêîðèñòàííÿ ìàøèí çà ÷àñîì 0,88 0,88
5 êîåô³ö³ºíò âèõîäó ïðèäàòíèõ âèðîá³â 0,95 0,95

Âèðîáíè÷à ïðîãðàìà ðîçðàõîâóºòüñÿ íà çàäàíó ð³÷íó ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü äëÿ êîæíî¿ ñòà䳿.

5.2. Âèçíà÷åííÿ çàãàëüíèõ òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ ïîêàçíèê³â öåõó, ùî ïðîåêòóºòüñÿ:

Êîåô³ö³ºíò âèêîðèñòàííÿ ñêëîìàñè (ÊÂÑ),%;

ÊÂÑ=,                                                                                                                       (5.1)                äå            À – òîâàðíà ïðîäóêö³ÿ, ò;                                                                                                                          Å – ê³ëüê³ñòü çâàðåíî¿ ñêëîìàñè, ò.

ÊÂÑ=.

Ïèòîì³ âèòðàòè ñêëà íà îäèíèöþ ïðîäóêö³¿, ò\ò;,                                                 (5.2)

.

ʳëüê³ñòü çâîðîòíîãî áîþ ñêëà, ò\ð³ê;,                    (5.3)                äå            Ä– ê³ëüê³ñòü ñêëîìàñè, ùî íàäõîäèòü íà âèðîáêó, ò\ð³ê.

³äñîòîê áîþ ñêëà çà â³äíîøåííÿì ëî ñêëîìàñè:,                                     (5.4)

.

Ðîçðàõîâóºìî äîáîâó ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ñêëîôîðìóâàëüíî¿ ìàøèíè çà ôîðìóëîþ:

,                                                                                                                 (5.5)                äå            V – øâèäê³ñòü âèãîòîâëåííÿ ïëÿøîê øò./õâ;                                                                                          – êîåô³ö³ºíò âèêîðèñòàííÿ ìàøèíè.

Äëÿ ïëÿøêè 500ìë ïðè âèãîòîâëåíí³ ïëÿøîê ó îäíîì³ñíèõ ôîðìàõ:

, øò./äîáó.

Äëÿ ïëÿøêè 200ìë.

, øò./äîáó.

Íåîáõ³äíà ê³ëüê³ñòü ñêëîôîðìóþ÷èõ ìàøèí:

,                                                                                                                              (5.6)                äå            Ä – ê³ëüê³ñòü ïëÿøîê ç óðàõóâàííÿì âèòðàò íà âñ³õ ñòàä³ÿõ âèãîòîâëåííÿ, øò.;                                Ð – ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ìàøèíè, øò./äîáó;                                                                                                         Ò – ê³ëüê³ñòü ðîáî÷èõ äí³â ìàøèíè.

ʳëüê³ñòü ðîáî÷èõ äí³â ìàøèíè íà ð³ê âèçíà÷àºìî, çíàþ÷è êîåô³ö³ºíò âèêîðèñòàííÿ ìàøèíè çà ÷àñîì:, òîä³ N äîð³âíþâàòèìå, øò.:

     øò.

Äëÿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ ïëÿøîê ºìí³ñòþ 500 ìë. ïðèéìàºìî 4 ñêëîôîðìóþ÷³ ìàøèíè ÂÂ-7, à äëÿ ïëÿøîê ºìí³ñòþ 250 ìë – 1 ìàøèíó ÂÂ-7.

Ïðè öüîìó êîåô³ö³ºíòè çàïàñó ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ñêëàäàòèìå:

Äëÿ âèðîáíèöòâà ïëÿøîê ºìí³ñòþ 500 ìë:                       

Äëÿ âèðîáíèöòâà ïëÿøîê ºìí³ñòþ 250 ìë:                        ,

òîáòî 13 òà 5,3 â³äñîòêà â³äïîâ³äíî(ùî çíàõîäèòüñÿ ó ìåæàõ äîïóñòèìèõ íîðè çàïàñó ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ îáëàäíàííÿ).


Òàáëèöÿ 5.2. – Âèðîáíè÷à ïðîãðàìà öåõó

íàéìåíóâàííÿ âèðîáó îäèíèö³ âèì³ðó ñêëàä ãîòîâî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿ ñîðòóâàííÿ âèðîá³â â³äïàë òà îáðîáêà âèðîá³â âèðîáëåííÿ âèðîá³â âàð³ííÿ ñêëîìàñè
âèïóñê %â³äõîä³â íàä³éäå âèïóñê %â³äõîä³â íàä³éäå âèïóñê %â³äõîä³â íàä³éäå âèïóñê %â³äõîä³â íàä³éäå âèïóñê %â³äõîä³â íàä³éäå
ïëÿøêà 500ìë ìëí. øò./ð³ê 79,2 0,5 79,6 79,6 0,5 79,99 79,99 4 83,19 83,19 5 87,35 87,35 0,5 87,79
ò/ð³ê 34056 34226,28 34226,28 34397,41 34397,41 35773,31 35773,31 37561,97 37561,97 37749,78
ïëÿøêà 250ìë ìëí. øò./ð³ê 30,8 30,95 30,95 31,11 31,11 32,35 32,35 33,97 33,97 34,14
ò/ð³ê 8008 8048,04 8048,04 8088,28 8088,28 8411,81 8411,81 8832,402 8832,402 8876,56
çàãàëîì ò/ð³ê 42064 42274,32 42274,32 42485,69 42485,69 44185,12 44185,12 46394,38 46394,38 46626,35
À Á Á Â Â Ã Ã Ä Ä Å

À – òîâàðíà ïðîäóêö³ÿ, ìëí. øò./ð³ê, ò/ð³ê;

Á – ê³ëüê³ñòü (ìàñà) âèðîá³â ç âðàõóâàííÿì âèòðàò ïðè ñêëàäóâàíí³; ;

 – ê³ëüê³ñòü (ìàñà) âèðîá³â ç âðàõóâàííÿì â³äõîä³â ïðè ñîðòóâàíí³

à – ê³ëüê³ñòü (ìàñà) âèðîá³â ç âðàõóâàííÿì â³äõîä³â ïðè îáðîáö³;

Ä – ê³ëüê³ñòü (ìàñà) âèðîá³â ç âðàõóâàííÿì â³äõîä³â ïðè âèðîáëåíí³;

Å – ê³ëüê³ñòü (ìàñà) âèðîá³â ç âðàõóâàííÿì â³äõîä³â


Òàáëèöÿ 5.3. – òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñêëîôîðìóâàëüíî¿ ìàøèíè ÂÂ-7 [6]

òèï ðîòîðíèé ç áåçïåðåðâíèì îáåðòîâèì ðóõîì ñòîëà
ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, øò./õâ.:
ïðè ìàñ³ êðàïë³ 260ã äëÿ âèðîá³â ì³ñòê³ñòþ 0,25 ë: 80
ïðè ìàñ³ êðàïë³ 430ã äëÿ âèðîá³â ì³ñòê³ñòþ 0,5 ë: 60
ðîçì³ð âèðîá³â â îäíîì³ñíèõ ôîðìàõ, ìì:
ä³àìåòð êîðïóñó äî 70
ä³àìåòð øèéêè äî 45
çàãàëüíà âèñîòà äî 305
ðîçì³ð âèðîá³â ó äâîõì³ñíèõ ôîðìàõ, ìì:
ä³àìåòð êîðïóñó äî 70
ä³àìåòð øèéêè äî 45
çàãàëüíà âèñîòà äî 250
âñòàíîâëåíà ïîòóæí³ñòü ïðèâîäó, êÂò: 3
ê³ëüê³ñòü ôîðìóþ÷èõ ñåêö³é, øò.: 7
ê³ëüê³ñòü ì³ñöü ó ôîðìàõ, øò.:
â îäíîì³ñíèõ ÷åðíîâèõ òà ÷èñòîâèõ 7
â äâîõì³ñíèõ ÷åðíîâèõ òà ÷èñòîâèõ 17
ä³àìåòð ïî öåíòðàì ôîðì, ìì:
îäíîì³ñíèõ 1332
äâîì³ñíèõ 1414 òà 1250
âèäà÷à âèðîá³â íà ñò³ë îõîëîäæåííÿ: ìåõàí³÷íèé ïåðåñòàâëþâà÷
ïðèâ³ä ôîðìóþ÷èõ âóçë³â: ìåõàí³÷íèé
òèñê ñòèñíåíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ, Ïà:

(11,7-14,7)*104

âèòðàòè ñòèñíåíîãî ïîâ³òðÿ, ì3/õâ.:

4,3
ãëèáèíà âàêóóìó, Ïà:

96*103

îá’ºì ïîâ³òðÿ, ùî â³äêà÷óºòüñÿ âàêóóìíèì íàñîñîì, ì3/õâ.:

15
ïîâ³òðÿ äëÿ îõîëîäæåííÿ ôîðì:
òèñê, Ïà

3,7*103

âèòðàòè, ì3/õâ.

790
ïîäà÷à ñêëîìàñè: àâòîìàòè÷íà â³ä ìåõàí³÷íîãî æèâèëüíèêà 2ÏÌÃ-521
â³äñòàíü â³ä ïîëà äî òîðöÿ â³÷êà æèâèëüíèêà, ìì: 2700-3000
ãàáàðèòí³ ðîçì³ðè, ìì:
äîâæèíà 1635
øèðèíà 9155
âèñîòà 2370
ìàñà àâòîìàòà, êã: 9170

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ïå÷³

×àñ ðîáî÷èõ äí³â ïå÷³ íà ð³ê ñêëàäàº:,                                                 (5.7)                äå            Õ. Ð. – òðèâàë³ñòü õîëîäíîãî ðåìîíòó ïå÷³, ä³á;                                                                                      Ê. Ï. – òðèâàë³ñòü êàìïàí³¿ ïå÷³.

 ä³á.

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ïå÷³ âèçíà÷àºìî äâîìà ñïîñîáàìè: ³ç âèðîáíè÷î¿ ïðîãðàìè, ïî ê³ëüêîñò³ ñêëîìàñè, ôàêòè÷íî âèðîáëåíîþ ìàøèíîþ (Q1) ³ ç âðàõóâàííÿì êîåô³ö³ºíòó âèêîðèñòàííÿ ñêëîìàñè (Q2), ò/äîáó.

.

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ïå÷³ âñòàíîâëþºìî çà á³ëüøèì ðîçðàõóíêîâèì ïîêàçíèêîì. ʳëüê³ñòü ïå÷åé çàëåæèòü â³ä çàãàëüíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ïðàöþþ÷èõ ìàøèí ³ ê³ëüêîñò³ ìàøèíîë³í³é ó öåõó.

Ïðè âèðîáíèöòâ³ ïëÿøîê ïðèéìàºìî îäíó ï³÷ ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòþ 160 ò/äîáó.

5.3. Ðîçðàõóíîê øèõòè

Ðîçðàõóíîê øèõòè ïðîâîäèìî çà çàäàíèì ñêëàäîì ñêëà, ìàñ. %

Òàáëèöÿ 5.4. – õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä ñêëà äëÿ âèðîáíèöòâà ïëÿøîê

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

CaO + MgO

Na2O

SO3

71,±2 2,8±1,3 0,5 11±1.3 14,3±0,9 0,3

Òàáëèöÿ 5.5.–õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, ìàñ. %

ìàòåð³àë

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

CaO MgO

Na2O

C â.ï.ï.
ï³ñîê 98,64 0,44 0,65 - - - - 0,27
êàîë³í 46,35 36,7 0,52 1,18 - - - 15,25
äîëîì³ò 2,14 0,58 0,11 37,82 14,75 - - 44,6
ñîäà - - - - - 58,5 - 0,8
ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ - - - - - 41,5 - 0,39
êðåéäà - - 0,03 56,25 0,12 - - 43,6
âóã³ëëÿ - - - - - - 94 -

Áåðåìî äî óâàãè, ùî ïðè âàð³íí³ ñêëîìàñè äåÿê³ ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè çâ³òðþþòüñÿ.

Çâ³òðåííÿ êîìïîíåíò³â ñòàíîâèòü, ìàñ. %:

Na2O äëÿ ñîäè – 3.2, äëÿ ñóëüôàòó – 5.

Ðîçðàõóíîê øèõòè íà 100 ì. ÷. ñêëà ïðîâîäèìî ç ìåòîþ âèçíà÷åííÿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â òà âñòàíîâëåííÿ ðåöåïòó øèõòè.

Ïîçíà÷àºìî ê³ëüê³ñòü ï³ñêó, êàîë³íó, äîëîì³òó òà êðåéäè â³äïîâ³äíî: X, Y, Z, T.

Ñêëàäàºìî ñèñòåìó ð³âíÿíü, ÿê³ âèð³øóºìî çà äîïîìîãîþ ïðîãðàìè MathCAD.

71.4=0,9864*Õ+0,4635*Y+0.0214*Z+0*T;

2.8=0.0044*X+0.367*Y+0.0058*Z+0*T;

8.3=0*X+0.118*Y+0.3782*Z+0.5625*T;

2,7=0*X+0*Y+0.1475*Z+0.0012*T

                                     

Çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè ðîçðàõóíêó ê³ëüê³ñòü ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ñòàíîâèòü, ìàñ. ÷:

              ï³ñîê                          êàîë³í                        äîëîì³ò                      êðåéäà

              68,621                        6,518                          18,286                        2,324.

5.3.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê íåîáõ³äíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ñîäè òà ñóëüôàòó             íàòð³þ

Ç ñîäîþ òà ñóëüôàòîì íàòð³þ íåîáõ³äíî ââåñòè 14,3 ìàñîâèõ ÷àñòêè Na2O. Ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ê³ëüêîñò³ Na2O, ÿêèé ââîäèòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ñîäè òà ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ ñêëàäຠ91,8:8,2.

³äïîâ³äíî äî öüîãî ç ñîäîþ ââîäèòüñÿ, %:.

ʳëüê³ñòü ñîäè, êã:         .

Ç óðàõóâàííÿì ëåòó÷îñò³ (3,2%) ê³ëüê³ñòü ñîäè ñêëàäàòèìå, êã:  .

Ç ñóëüôàòîì íàòð³þ ââîäèòüñÿ, %:   .

ʳëüê³ñòü ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ, êã:                  .

Ç óðàõóâàííÿì ëåòó÷îñò³ (5%) ê³ëüê³ñòü ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ ñêëàäàòèìå, êã:.

5.3.2. Ðîçðàõóíîê íåîáõ³äíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ âóã³ëëÿ

Äëÿ â³äíîâëåííÿ ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ âèêîðèñòîâóºòüñÿ âóã³ëëÿ ó ê³ëüêîñò³ 6% â³ä ìàñè ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ, òîáòî, êã:      

Ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçðàõóíê³â ïðèâåäåí³ â òàáëèö³ 5.6.

Òàáëèöÿ 5.6. – ðîçðàõóíêîâèé ñêëàä øèõòè òà ñêëà

íàçâà ìàòåð³àëó ê³ëüê³ñòü ìàòåð³àë³â  ì. ÷. íà 100 ì. ÷. ñêëà âì³ñò îêñèä³â, ìàñ. % çàãàëîì

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

CaO MgO

Na2O

SO3

ï³ñîê 68,6210 67,6878 0,3019 0,4460 - - - -
êàîë³í 6,5180 3,0211 2,3921 0,0339 0,0769 - - -
äîëîì³ò 18,2860 0,3913 0,1061 0,0201 6,9158 2,6972 - -
ñîäà 23,1581 - - - - - 13,1274 -
ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ 2,9668 - - - - - 1,1726 -
êðåéäà 2,3240 - - 0,0007 1,3073 0,0028 - -
âóã³ëëÿ 0,1894 - - - - - - -
çàãàëîì 122,0633
ðîçðàõóíêîâèé ñêëàä ñêëà 71,1002 2,8001 0,5007 8,2999 2,70 14,300 0,2991 100,0
çäàíèé ñêëàä ñêëà 71,1000 2,8000 0,5000 8,3000 2,70 14,300 0,3000 100,0

5.3.3. Ðîçðàõóíîê âèãîðÿííÿ øèõòè 

              122,0633 êã øèõòè – 100 êã ñêëà

              100 êã øèõòè –         Õ êã ñêëà

                          Õ=%

Âèãîðÿííÿ ñòàíîâèòü, %;      100-81,925=18,075

Ðîçðàõóíîê ìàòåð³àëüíîãî áàëàíñó

ʳëüê³ñòü øèõòè íà ð³÷íó ïðîãðàìó ñòàíîâèòü:

,                                                                                                                    (6.1)                äå            ê – êîåô³ö³ºíò ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ øèõòè òà áîþ ( ïðèéìàºìî ð³âíèì 70:30);                                        q – ê³ëüê³ñòü øèõòè íà 100 êã ñêëîìàñè;                                                                                                        Å – ê³ëüê³ñòü ñêëîìàñè çà ð³ê.

 ò/ð³ê.

²ç áîþ íàâàðþºòüñÿ ñêëîìàñè: ò/ð³ê.

ʳëüê³ñòü çâîðîòíîãî áîþ:  ò/ð³ê.

ʳëüê³ñòü êóïëåíîãî áîþ: ò/ð³ê.

Ðîçðàõóíîê ê³ëüêîñò³ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, ò/ð³ê:

ϳñîê    1,2206 øèõòè            – 0,6862 ò ï³ñêó                                                                                                                  39839,563       – Õ                

                                      Õ=22396,828 ò/ð³ê.

Êàîë³í                                                                                                                        2127,374 ò/ð³ê.

Äîëîì³ò                                                                                                                                 5968,266 ò/ð³ê.

Ñîäà                                                                                                                            7558,437 ò/ð³ê.

Ñóëüôàò íàòð³þ                                                                                                         968,324 ò/ð³ê.

Êðåéäà                                                                                                                       758,517 ò/ð³ê.

Âóã³ëëÿ                                                                                                                      61,817 ò/ð³ê.

Ðîçðàõóíîê ê³ëüêîñò³ ìàòåð³àë³â ç óðàõóâàííÿì âòðàò ïðè îáðîáö³ ³ òðàíñïîðòóâàíí³.

Âòðàòè ï³ñêó, ò/ð³ê:     ;

Òàêèì ÷èíîì ðîçðàõîâóºìî âñ³ ³íø³ ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè. Ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçðàõóíê³â ïðèâåäåíî ó òàáëèö³ 5.7.

Òàáëèöÿ 5.7. – ïîòðåáà â ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àëàõ ç óðàõóâàííÿì âèòðàò ïðè îáðîáö³ é òðàíñïîðòóâàíí³

ìàòåð³àë ïîòðåáà ìàòåð³àëó äëÿ øèõòè, ò/ð³ê âòðàòè, % ê³ëüê³ñòü ìàòåð³àë³â ç óðàõóâàííÿì â³äõîä³â, ò/ð³ê ê³ëüê³ñòü âòðàò, ò/ð³ê
ï³ñîê 22396,828 4 23292,701 895,873
êàîë³í 2127,374 1,5 2159,284 31,911
äîëîì³ò 5968,266 2 6087,631 119,365
ñîäà 7558,437 1 7634,022 75,584
ñóëüôàò Na 968,324 1 978,007 9,683
êðåéäà 758,517 3 781,273 22,756
âóã³ëëÿ 61,817 4 64,290 2,473
âñüîãî 1157,645
ñêëîá³é 11951,869 10 13147,056 1195,187

Ðîçðàõóíîê ê³ëüêîñò³ ìàòåð³àë³â ç óðàõóâàííÿì ïðèðîäíî¿ âîëîãîñò³:

Âèòðàòè ï³ñêó, ò/ð³ê:  .

ʳëüê³ñòü âîëîãè ï³ñêó, ò/ð³ê:            .

Ðîçðàõóíîê âèòðàò ³íøèõ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ç óðàõóâàííÿì ïðèðîäíî¿ âîëîãîñò³ íàâåäåíî ó òàáëèö³ 5.8.

Òàáëèöÿ 5.8. – ïîòðåáà â ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àëàõ ç óðàõóâàííÿì ïðèðîäíî¿ âîëîãîñò³

ìàòåð³àë âîëîã³ñòü, % ê³ëüê³ñòü ìàòåð³àë³â, ò/ð³ê ê³ëüê³ñòü âîëîãè, ò/ð³ê
ï³ñîê 5 24518,632 1225,932
êàîë³í 0,51 2170,353 11,069
äîëîì³ò 7 6545,840 458,209
ñîäà 2 7789,818 155,796
ñóëüôàò Na 3 1008,255 30,248
êðåéäà 0,08 781,899 0,626
âóã³ëëÿ 5 67,674 3,384
ñêëîá³é - 13147,056 -

Òàáëèöÿ 5.9. – ïîòðåáà â ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àëàõ ç óðàõóâàííÿì ïðèðîäíî¿ âîëîãîñò³ ìàòåð³àë³â ³ âîëîãîñò³ ï³ñëÿ ñóø³ííÿ

ìàòåð³àë âîëîã³ñòü, % ê³ëüê³ñòü ìàòåð³àë³â, ò/ð³ê ê³ëüê³ñòü âîëîãè, ò/ð³ê çàëèøîê âîëîãè, ò/ð³ê âèïàðåíà âîëîãà, ò/ð³ê
äî ñóø³ííÿ ï³ñëÿ ñóø³ííÿ
ï³ñîê 5,0 0,1 24518,632 1225,932 24,543 1201,388
êàîë³í 0,51 0,51 2170,353 11,069 11,069 0
äîëîì³ò 7,0 0,1 6545,840 458,209 6,552 451,656
ñîäà 2,0 2,0 7789,818 91,876 91,876 0
ñóëüôàò Na 3,0 3,0 1008,255 11,955 11,955 0
êðåéäà 0,08 0,08 781,899 0,626 0,626 0
âóã³ëëÿ 5,0 5,0 67,674 24,901 26,211 0
39507,020
ñêëîá³é ïðèõ³ä 12060,164
1824,566 172,832 1653,045

Ðîçðàõîâóºìî çàëèøîê âîëîãè òà âèïàðåíó âîëîãó, ò/ð³ê.:

ʳëüê³ñòü ï³ñêó ç âîëîã³ñòþ 0,1%, ò/ð³ê:

                                                 .

Çàëèøîê âîëîãè, ò/ð³ê:                                                          24543,175-24518,632=24,543

Âèïàðåíà âîëîãà, ò/ð³ê:                                                        1225,932-24,543=1201,388.

ʳëüê³ñòü âîäè äëÿ çâîëîæåííÿ øèõòè, ò/ð³ê:(âèòðàòè)    39839,563*0,04=1593,583.

Íåîáõ³äíî ââåñòè âîäè, ò/ð³ê: (ïðèõ³ä)                               1593,583-232,218=1361,365.

Âèãîðÿííÿ øèõòè, ò/ð³ê:                                                       39839,563*0,18075=7201,001.

Çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè ðîçðàõóíê³â âèðîáíè÷î¿ ïðîãðàìè òà âèòðàò ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ñêëàäàºìî òàáëèöþ ìàòåð³àëüíîãî áàëàíñó:

Òàáëèöÿ 5.10 – ìàòåð³àëüíèé áàëàíñ âèðîáíèöòâà

ïðèõ³ä ò/ð³ê âèòðàòè ò/ð³ê
ñèðîâèíí³ ìàòåð³àëè ç óðàõóâàííÿì âòðàò ³ âîëîãîñò³ 42882,47037 òîâàðíà ïðîäóêö³ÿ 42064
â³äõîäè ñêëà 4265,424
âèòðàòè ñèðîâèíè 1157,645
ñêëîá³é 13147,056 âèòðàòè áîþ 1195,1869
âîäà 1361,364956 âîëîãà ³ç øèõòè 1361,365
âèãîðÿííÿ øèõòè 7201,001
âîëîãà ³ç ñèðîâèíè 232,2175642
íåïîãîäæåííÿ 85,9480625
ðàçîì 57390,89122 57476,83928

³äñîòîê íåïîãîäæåííÿ:        (85,948*100):57476,839=0,15%

6. Êîíòðîëþâàííÿ ÿêîñò³ âèðîá³â[2],[3]

ßê³ñòü òàðè – öå ê³íöåâèé ðåçóëüòàò óñüîãî òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ïðîöåñó. Îòðèìàííÿ âèñîêîÿê³ñíîãî ïðîäóêòó çíàõîäèòüñÿ ó ïðÿì³é çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä ñòóïåíþ äîñêîíàëîñò³ âñ³õ ñòàä³é âèðîáíèöòâà, ïî÷èíàþ÷è â³ä âèäîáóòêó òà îáðîáêè ñèðîâèíè, ñêëàäåííÿ øèõòè, âàð³ííÿ ñêëîìàñè ³ çàê³í÷óþ÷è âèðîáêîþ, â³äïàëîì òà òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿì. Íàéá³ëüøó íåáåçïåêó äëÿ âèðîá³â ñòàíîâëÿòü îñòàòî÷í³ íàïðóæåííÿ, ÿê³ ìîæóòü çðóéíóâàòè éîãî. Íàïðóæåííÿ â³äøóêóþòü çà äîïîìîãîþ ïîëÿðèñêîïó. Íà ñüîãîäí³øí³é äåíü íàéá³ëüø ðîçïîâñþäæåíèé ïîëÿðèñêîï ÏÊÑ-500.

                                                        

ðèñóíîê 1.2. – ïîëÿðèñêîï ÏÊÑ-500

Ïó÷îê ñâ³òëà â³ä åëåêòðîëàìïè 1 ïðîõîäèòü êîíäåíñàòîðè 2 òà 3 ³ ïîïàäຠíà äçåðêàëî 4 , à ïîò³ì íà ïîëÿðèçàòîð 5 . ïðîõîäÿ÷è êð³çü âèð³á, ùî âèïðîáîâóºòüñÿ 6 ïëîñêîïîëÿðèçîâàíå ñâ³òëî ïðè íàÿâíîñò³ íàïðóæåíü ó âèðîá³ ðîçêëàäàºòüñÿ íà äâà ïðîìåí³ [2].

Àíàë³çàòîð 10 ïðèâîäèòü êîëèâàííÿ öèõ ïðîìåí³â ó îäíó ïëîùèíó, ³ â ðåçóëüòàò³ âèíèêຠ³íòåðôåðåíö³ÿ ñâ³òëà. Àíàë³çàòîð äîçâîëÿº ïîáà÷èòè êîë³ð, ÿñêðàâ³ñòü òà ð³çê³ñòü ³íòåðôåðåíö³éíî¿ êàðòèíè, ÿêà çàëåæèòü ê³ëüêîñò³ ³ ðîçïîä³ëåííÿ íàïðóæåíü ó ãîòîâîìó âèðîá³.

²íòåðôåðåíö³éíà êîëüîðîâà êàðòèíà ó âèðîá³ çì³íþºòüñÿ â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä ð³çíîñò³ õîäó ïðîìåí³â.

Ïî öèì êîëüîðàì ìîæëèâî ñóäèòè ïðî ÿê³ñòü â³äïàëó: äîáðèé â³äïàë – ð³âíîì³ðíå ô³îëåòîâî – ÷åðâîíå ïîëå çîðó; çàäîâ³ëüíèé â³äïàë – ÷åðâîíî – æîâòîãàðÿ÷èé, òà ñèí³é êîëüîðè, ïðî ïîãàíèé â³äïàë ñâ³ä÷àòü áëàêèòíèé, çåëåíèé òà æîâòèé êîëüîðè.

Òàáëèöÿ 4.4. – ð³çí³ñòü õîäó ïðîìåí³â íì/ñì

æîâòèé 325
æîâòóâàòî – çåëåíèé 275
çåëåíèé 200  âèðàõóâàííÿ êîëüîð³â
áëàêèòíî – çåëåíèé 145
áëàêèòíèé 115
ïóðïóðíî – ô³îëåòîâèé 0
÷åðâîíèé 25
æîâòîãàðÿ÷èé 130
ñâ³òëî – æîâòèé 200  ñêëàäåííÿ êîëüîð³â
æîâòèé 260
á³ëèé 310

ßê³ñòü ñêëà âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ éîãî îäíîð³äí³ñòþ, íàÿâí³ñòþ âêëþ÷åíü, ïîâ³òðÿíèõ òà ëóãîâèõ ïóçèð³â, à òàêîæ êîëüîðîâ³ñòþ òà ïðîçîð³ñòþ. ßê³ñòü âèðîáêè ñêëîòàðè âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ â³äñóòí³ñòþ àáî íàÿâí³ñòþ ïîäâ³éíèõ øâ³â, ïîñ³÷îê, ïëÿì â³ä çìàùåííÿ ôîðì, çìîðøîê, ïîêîâàíîñò³, ïîòåðòîñò³, çàäèðîê, ð³æó÷èõ øâ³â, ñë³ä³â â³ä íîæèö³â, íåäîôîðìîâàíîñò³ ãîðëà âèðîá³â, à òàêîæ äåôåêòàìè ãåîìåòðè÷íèõ ðîçì³ð³â, à ñàìå íåïàðàëåëüí³ñòþ òîðöÿ â³í÷èêó ïëîùèí³ äíà, îâàëüí³ñòþ ãîðëà òà êîðïóñó, â³äõèëåííÿìè â³ä â³ñ³. Âàæëèâå çíà÷åííÿ ìຠæîðñòêå äîòðèìàííÿ ñòàíäàðòíèõ ãåîìåòðè÷íèõ ðîçì³ð³â ³ ïîâíî¿ ñóì³ñíîñò³ ñêëÿíî¿ òàðè. Äåôåêòè âèðîáêè ñêëîòàðè âèçíà÷àþòü ¿¿ ìåõàí³÷íó âèòðèâàë³ñòü ³ òåðìîñò³éê³ñòü, ìîæëèâ³ñòü ¿¿ âèêîðèñòàííÿ íà àâòîìàòè÷íèõ ë³í³ÿõ ðîçëèâó, âåëè÷èíó âòðàò ñêëîòàðè òà õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â. Îêðåì³ äåôåêòè âèðîáêè ìîæóòü áóòè øê³äëèâèìè äëÿ çäîðîâ’ÿ ñïîæèâà÷à ( ð³æó÷³ øâè, çàäèðêè òà ³í).

ßê³ñòü òàðè ìîæå çíà÷íî ïîã³ðøèòèñü ïðè òðàíñïîðòóâàíí³, çáåð³ãàíí³ ³ çàâàíòàæóâàëüíî – ðîçâàíòàæóâàëüíèõ ðîáîòàõ. íåçàäîâ³ëüíà óïàêîâêà é óìîâè çáåð³ãàííÿ ïðèâîäÿòü äî ïîÿâè ùåðáèí, â³äêîë³â, òð³ùèí, ïîòåðòîñòåé.

7. Âèá³ð, ðîçðàõóíîê, òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà óñòàòêóâàííÿ

7.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê ñêëàäó ñèðîâèíè[7], [8]

Çáåðåæåííÿ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â çä³éñíþþòü ó çàêðèòèõ ñêëàäàõ òà ñèëîñàõ. Äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ ïëîù³ ñêëàäó àáî îá’ºìó ñèëîñó íåîáõ³äíî ïðèéíÿòè íîðìó çàïàñ³â íà ñêëàä³. Íîðìè çàïàñ³â ìîæóòü ñòàíîâèòè â³ä 15 äî 60 ä³á, â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä â³äñòàí³ äî ïîñòà÷àëüíèêà ñèðîâèíè òà âèòðàò ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â. Âðàõîâóþ÷è ðåæèì ðîáîòè ñêëàäàëüíîãî öåõó ñêëàäàºìî òàáëèöþ âèòðàò ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â[7].

Òàáëèöÿ 7.1. – âèòðàòè ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â

íàçâà ñèðîâèíè ò/ð³ê ò/äîáó ò/ãîäèíó

ì3/ãîä

íàñèïíà îá’ºìíà ìàñà, ò/ì3

ï³ñîê 24518,632 67,174 8,397 5,998 1,4
êàîë³í 2170,353 5,946 0,743 0,465 1,6
äîëîì³ò 6545,840 17,934 2,242 1,245 1,8
ñîäà 7789,818 21,342 2,668 2,223 1,2
ñóëüôàò Na 1008,255 2,762 0,345 0,288 1,2
êðåéäà 781,899 2,142 0,268 0,191 1,4
âóã³ëëÿ 67,674 0,185 0,023 0,017 1,4
ñêëîá³é 13147,056 36,019 4,502 2,251 2,0
øèõòà 42882,470 117,486 14,686 10,270 1,43

Ïðè ðîçðàõóíêó ïëîù³ ñêëàäó áåðåìî äî óâàãè, ùî øèðèíà ñêëàäó çàâæäè êðàòíà 6. íàéá³ëüø ïîøèðåí³ ñêëàäè ç ïåðåãîíàìè 12, 18, 24, 30ì. ïðèéìàºìî øèðèíó ñêëàäó 12 ì.

Òàáëèöÿ 7.2. – ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçðàõóíêó ñêëàäó ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â

íàçâà ñèðîâèíè âèòðàòè, ò/äîáó íîðìà çàïàñó, ä³á çàïàñ, ò íàñèïíà ù³ëüí., ò/ì îá’ºì çàïàñó, ì3 âèñîòà óêë-ííÿ ìàò-³â, ì êîðèñíà ïëîùà ñêëàäó, ì2 (Fê) Çàãàëüíà ïëîùà ñêëàäó, ì2 (Fç)
ï³ñîê 67,17433 15 1007,615 1,4 719,725 6 119,954
êàîë³í 5,946173 30 178,3852 1,6 111,491 4 27,873
äîëîì³ò 17,93381 30 538,0143 1,8 298,897 4 74,724
ñîäà 21,34197 30 640,259 1,2 533,549 6 88,925
ñóëüôàò Na 2,762341 30 82,87024 1,2 69,059 3 23,020
êðåéäà 2,142188 30 64,26563 1,4 45,904 3 15,301
âóã³ëëÿ 0,185407 30 5,562212 1,4 3,973 2 1,987
ñêëîá³é 36,01933 30 1080,58 2 540,290 6 90,048
441,832 574,381

 ì2.

Âèõîäÿ÷è ç òîãî, ùî äîâæèíà öåõó ïîâèííà áóòè êðàòíîþ 3, òî ïðèéìàºìî ïëîùó ñêëàäó 576ì2, ïðè öüîìó øèðèíà äîð³âíþº 12 ì, à äîâæèíà ñêëàäó – 48ì.

7.2. Ðîçðàõóíîê ãðåéôåðíîãî êðàíó[7],[8]

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ìîñòîâîãî åëåêòðè÷íîãî êðàíà

Âàíòàæîï³äéîìí³ñòü, ò                                                                                                          5

Ïðîãèí êðàíà, ì                                                                                                                    3-12

Âèñîòà ï³äéîìó âàíòàæó, ì                                                                                                  6

Øâèäê³ñòü ï³äéîìó âàíòàæó, ì/õâ.                                                                                      8

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó â³çêà, ì/õâ.                                                                                                20

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó êðàíó, ì/õâ.                                                                                                          30

Ïîòóæí³ñòü ïðèâîäó, êÂò                                                                                                                                       ïåðåì³ùåííÿ êðàíó                                                                                                 0,8                              ïåðåì³ùåííÿ â³çêó                                                                                                          0,4                              ï³äéîìó                                                                                                                      4,5.

Âèçíà÷àºìî ðîçðàõóíêîâó ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü êðàíà, ì3/ãîä.:

,                                                                                                                  (7.1)                äå            V – îá’ºì êîâøà;                                                                                                                                        φ – êîåô³ö³ºíò çàïîâíåííÿ êîâøà;                                                                                                                  tö – òðèâàë³ñòü öèêëó, õâ.:

tö=t1+t2+t3+t4+t5+t6, õâ.,                                                                                                         (7.2)                            t1 – ÷àñ çàêðèòòÿ êîâøà, õâ;                                                                                                                      t2 – ÷àñ ï³äéîìó ³ ñïóñêàííÿ êîâøà, õâ;

,                                                                                                                                 (7.3)                äå            h – âèñîòà ï³äéîìó êîâøà, ì;                                                                                                                   V – øâèäê³ñòü ï³äéîìó êîâøà, ì/õâ;                                                                                                  t3 – ÷àñ ïåðåì³ùåííÿ â³çêà, õâ;

,                                                                                                                                 (7.4)                äå            l1 – äîâæèíà øëÿõó â³çêà (ïðèéìàºìî 0,5øèðèíè ñêëàäó – 6ì);                                                          t4 – ÷àñ ðîçêðèòòÿ êîâøà (5-7 ñåêóíä);                                                                                               t5 – ÷àñ íà ðîçã³í ³ ãàëüìóâàííÿ (0,3 õâèëèíè çà öèêë);                                                                                t6 – ÷àñ ïåðåì³ùåííÿ ìîñòà, õâ;

,                                                                                                                                (7.5)                äå             l2 – äîâæèíà øëÿõó ìîñòà, ì; (ïðèéìàºìî I2=0.5 äîâæèíè ñêëàäó – 23ì);                                          V2 – øâèäê³ñòü ïåðåì³ùåííÿ ìîñòà, ì/õâ.

Ïðèéìàºìî ïðîë³ò ìîñòà êðàíà ð³âíèì      12-1.5.=10,5ì.

Ðîçðàõîâóºìî öèêë ðîáîòè êðàíà:

              t1=0,2õâ.                                 t2õâ.                    t3õâ.

              t4õâ.                     t5=0.3õâ.                                t6=õâ.

tö=0,2+1,5+0,525+0,11+0,3+1,6=4,235õâ.

Ïðèéìàºìî ºìí³ñòü êîâøà 0,75ì3.

Qðîçð=9,03ì3/ãîä.     Qôàêò=Qðîçð=0,8*9,03=7,23ì3/ãîä.

ʳëüê³ñòü ãðåéôåðíèõ êðàí³â ñêëàäàº:

, äå Ð – ê³ëüê³ñòü ïåðåâàíòàæåíî¿ ñèðîâèíè.

2,89

Ïðèéìàºìî 3 êðàíà.

Âèá³ð îñíîâíîãî òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî óñòàòêóâàííÿ

7.3. ˳í³ÿ ï³ñêó

7.3.1.Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó [7]

Âèòðàòè ï³ñêó äëÿ ñêëàäàëüíî¿ ä³ëÿíêè çà 1 ãîäèíó ñòàíîâëÿòü 5,998ì3. äëÿ íîðìàëüíî¿ ðîáîòè ïðèéìàºìî çàïàñ ó áóíêåð³ íà 4 ãîäèíè ðîáîòè. Òîä³ îá’ºì çàïàñó äîð³âíþº, ì3:

5,998*4=23,99ì3.

Äëÿ çáåðåæåííÿ öüîãî îá’ºìó ï³ñêó ïðèéìàºìî ðîçì³ðè áóíêåðó, ì: ï³äâàëèíà áóíêåðó – 1.51.5, ðîçì³ðè âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè – 0,450,45, êóò íàõèëó äíà – 550.

                                     

Ðèñóíîê 7.1. – ãåîìåòðè÷íà êîíô³ãóðàö³ÿ áóíêåðó

Îá’ºì áóíêåðó, ì3:

,                                                                                                              äå            H – âèñîòà âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                               H1 – âèñîòà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                      à – ñòîðîíà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                       b – ñòîðîíà âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì.

Âèñîòó ï³ðàì³äàëüíî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðà çíàõîäèìî ç ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ

:;                             ì.

Í1=Ê*tg550=0,775*1,426=1,11ì.

Îá’ºì íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè êîðïóñà ñêëàäàº, ì3:

 

Îá’ºì âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðà äîð³âíþº, ì3:                 23,99-1,888=22,109.

Âèñîòà âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè êîðïóñó, ì:         V=Í*à2;         Í==.

Ïðèéìàºìî íàñòóïí³ ðîçì³ðè áóíêåðó, ì:

Í=6;                  Í1=1,11;                     à=2;                 b=0,45.

7.3.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà[9]

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè òðè ëîòêîâèõ æèâèëüíèêà.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                   ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                     1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                       3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6

7.3.3. Ðîçðàõóíîê ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó [9]

Ñòð³÷êîâ³ êîíâåºðè ïðèçíà÷åí³ äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ñèïó÷èõ, êóñêîâèõ òà øòó÷íèõ âàíòàæ³â ãîðèçîíòàëüíî òà ï³ä êóòîì. Ïðîñòîòà óñòðîþ, íàä³éí³ñòü òà áåçøóìí³ñòü ï³ä ÷àñ ðîáîòè, åêîíîì³÷í³ñòü îáóìîâèëè øèðîêå çàñòîñóâàííÿ ñòð³÷êîâèõ êîíâåºð³â ïðè ðîçâàíòàæåíí³  ³ ñêëàäóâàíí³ ñèðîâèííèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, ¿õ òðàíñïîðòóâàíí³ íà îáðîáêó òà ó ñêëàäàëüíèé öåõ, ïðè ïîäàâàíí³ øèõòè äî ñêëîâàðíèõ ïå÷åé òà ³í.

1 – ñòð³÷êà;2 – ïðèâ³äíà ñòàíö³ÿ;3 – íàòÿæíèé ïðèñòð³é;4 òà 5 – âåðõí³ òà íèæí³ ðîëèêîîïîðè â³äïîâ³äíî;6 – ñòàíèíà;7 – ïðèâ³ä.

Ðèñóíîê 7.2. – ñòð³÷êîâèé òðàíñïîðòåð.

Äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ï³ñêó äî åëåâàòîðà âèáèðàºìî ñòð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð.

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó ðîçðàõîâóºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ, ò/ãîä:

Q=3600*F*V*γîá,                                                                                                                    (7.6)                äå            F – ïëîùà ïîïåðå÷íîãî ïåðåòèíó ìàòåð³àëó íà ñòð³÷ö³ êîíâåºðó;                                                       v – øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó ñòð³÷êè: äëÿ ï³ñêó V=1-1.5 ì/ñ;                                                                          γîá – îá’ºìíà íàñèïíà ìàñà, êã/ì3;

Óìîâíî ïðèéìàºòüñÿ, ùî ïðè øèðèí³ ñòð³÷êè  âàíòàæ ðîçì³ùóºòüñÿ øàðîì b=(0,9Â-0,05) ì. ïëîùà ïåðåòèíó øàðó âàíòàæó ïðîïîðö³éíà êâàäðàòó ðîçì³ðó b, òîìó ð³âíÿííÿ 7.6 ïðèéìຠâèä:

Q=C*(0.9B-0.05)2*V* γîá, ò/ãîä.                                                                                           (7.7)

ßêùî êîíâåºð ìຠêóò íàõèëó á³ëüøå í³æ 120, òî çíà÷åííÿ êîåô³ö³ºíòó çìåíøóþòü ïîìíîæóþ÷è íà êîåô³ö³ºíò k.

Òàáëèöÿ 7.3 – çíà÷åííÿ êîåô³ö³ºíòó Ñ[9]

ïàðàìåòð ôîðìà ñòð³÷êè
ïëîñêà æîëîá÷àòà íà äâîõðîëèêîâèé îïîð³ æîëîá÷àòà íà òðèðîëèêîâèé îïîð³
êóò íàõèëó áîêîâèõ ðîëèê³â β, ãðàä - 15 15 20 20 30 30 36 36
êóò óêîñó âàíòàæó, α, ãðàä 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20
êîåô³ö³ºíò Ñ 240 325 450 535 470 550 550 625 585 655

Òàáëèöÿ 7.4. – çíà÷åííÿ êîåô³ö³ºíòó k

êóò íàõèëó, α 12 14 16 18 20 22
êîåô³ö³ºíò k 0,97 0,95 0,92 0,89 0,85 0,8

Ãðàíè÷íèé êóò íàõèëó äëÿ ãëàäêèõ òðàíñïîðòåðíèõ ñòð³÷îê çàëåæèòü â³ä ðîäó âàíòàæó.

Òàáëèöÿ 7.5 – çíà÷åííÿ ãðàíè÷íîãî êóòà íàõèëó α.

ìàòåð³àë α
âóã³ëëÿ, âàïíÿê äðîáëåíèé 18
äîëîì³ò äðîáëåíèé 18
ï³ñîê âîëîãèé 20-24
ï³ñîê ñóõèé 16-18
ïåãìàòèò, ñîäà 10-12

Äëÿ âàíòàæ³â, ÿê³ ì³ñòÿòü êðóïí³ êóñêè, ïðèéíÿòà øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè ïîâèííà áóòè ïåðåâ³ðåíà íà êóñêîâàò³ñòü âàíòàæó Â(3-4)à, äå à – ñåðåäí³é ðîçì³ð êðóïíèõ êóñê³â, ìì.

Øâèäê³ñòü êîíâåºðíî¿ ñòð³÷êè ïðèéìàºòüñÿ âèõîäÿ÷è ç âèäó ìàòåð³àëó, ùî òðàíñïîðòóºòüñÿ ³ øèðèíè ñòð³÷êè. Äëÿ òîãî , ùîá çàáåçïå÷èòè ÿê ìîæíà á³ëüøèé ñòðîê ñëóæáè ñòð³÷êè íåîáõ³äíî ïðèéìàòè íàéìåíøó øâèäê³ñòü ¿¿ ðóõó. Ïðè öüîìó ïîë³ïøóþòüñÿ åêñïëóàòàö³éí³ ÿêîñò³ êîíâåºðó, òà çìåíøóþòüñÿ âòðàòè íåîáõ³äíî¿ ïîòóæíîñò³ íà ïðèâ³ä.

Òàáëèöÿ 7.6 – ðåêîìåíäîâàí³ øâèäêîñò³ ñòð³÷êè

íàéìåíóâàííÿ âàíòàæó øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ , ïðè ¿¿ øèðèí³, ìì
400 500, 650 800, 1000 1200 - 1400
ï³ñîê, ïåãìàòèò 1,0-1,6 1,25 - 2,0 1,6 - 3,0 2,0 - 4,0
äîëîì³ò, âàïíÿê äðîáëåíèé 1,0-1,25 1,0 - 1,6 1,6 - 2,0 2,0 - 3,0
äîëîì³ò, âàïíÿê êðóïíîêóñêîâèé - 1,0 - 1,6 1,0 - 1,6 1,6 - 2,0
ñîäà, ïîòàø, êðåìíåôòîðèñòèé íàòð³é - 0,8 - 0,9 1,0 - 1,25 -

Ç ôîðìóëè 7.7 çíàõîäèìî øèðèíó ñòð³÷êè [9].

Â=1,1*()=1,1*()=0,204ì.

Ïðèéìàºìî íàéáëèæ÷ó ñòàíäàðòíó øèðèíó ñòð³÷êè çà ÄÑÒÓ 20-62 – 400 ìì.

Âèáèðàºìî ïëîñêèé ñòð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                       Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                              2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    75

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                             4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                       250.

7.3.4. Ðîçðàõóíîê ñóøèëüíîãî áàðàáàíó[4]

Äëÿ ñóø³ííÿ ï³ñêó âèáèðàºìî ñóøèëüíèé áàðàáàí ïðÿìîòî÷íîãî òèïó. Ïðÿìîòî÷í³ áàðàáàíè âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ç ìåòîþ îòðèìàííÿ âèñóøåíîãî ìàòåð³àëó ç íèçüêîþ òåìïåðàòóðîþ. Òåìïåðàòóðà ãàç³â, ùî ïîñòóïàþòü äëÿ ñóø³ííÿ ï³ñêó â áàðàáàí ñòàíîâèòü 800-900 Ñ0, à ãàç³â, ùî âèõîäÿòü ç áàðàáàíó 160-200 Ñ0.

Ïîòð³áíà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ïî ñóõîìó ï³ñêó –7,985ò/ãîä;

³äíîñíà âîëîã³ñòü ï³ñêó:      ïî÷àòêîâà                                                                             5%;                                                                 ê³íöåâà                                                                                  0,1%;

Ù³ëüí³ñòü ñóõîãî ìàòåð³àëó, êã/ì3                                                                                       1400;

Ïàðîíàïðóæåíí³ñòü, m0, êã/ì3*ãîä.                                                                                    70

ʳëüê³ñòü âèïàðåíî¿ âîëîãè, êã/ãîä.:

      411,434                                                        (7.8)

Ìàñà âîëîãîãî ìàòåð³àëó, ùî íàäõîäèòü íà ñóø³ííÿ, êã/ãîä:

G1=G2+W=7985,357+411,434=8396,792.

Íåîáõ³äíèé âíóòð³øí³é îá’ºì ñóøàðêè, ì3:

5,88                                                                                                  (7.9)

Ïðèéìàºìî äî âñòàíîâëåííÿ íàéáëèæ÷ó ñòàíäàðòíó áàðàáàííó ñóøàðêó çàâîäó „Ñòðîéìàøèíà” ðîçì³ðàìè 1,26ì.

×àñ ïåðåáóâàííÿ ìàòåð³àëó â áàðàáàí³, õâ:

                                                                                           (7.10)              äå            φ – êîåô³ö³ºíò çàïîâíåííÿ áàðàáàíà;                                                                                                      ρ – ù³ëüí³ñòü ï³ñêà ïðè ñåðåäí³é âîëîãîñò³, êã/ì3.

15,48õâ

Ñåðåäíÿ âîëîã³ñòü äîð³âíþº:2,55%.

Ù³ëüí³ñòü ïðè ñåðåäí³é âîëîãîñò³, êã/ì3:1436,634

×àñòîòà îáåðòàííÿ áàðàáàíó, îá/õâ.:            ,                                            (7.11)

  äå        m òà k – åêñïåðèìåíòàëüí³ êîåô³ö³ºíòè;                                                                                                 lá òà Dá – äîâæèíà òà ä³àìåòð áàðàáàíó, ì;                                                                                              α – êóò íàõèëó áàðàáàíó, ãðàä(α=4-6);                                                                                                – ÷àñ ïåðåáóâàííÿ ìàòåð³àëó â ñóøàðö³, õâ.

Òàáëèöÿ 7.7. – çíà÷åííÿ êîåô³ö³ºíò³â m, k, σ.

òåïëîîáì³ííèê m k σ
ïðÿìîòîê ïðîòèòîê
ëîïàòíèé, ëàíöþãîâèé 0,5 0,2-0,7 0,5-0,7 0,04-0,07
êîì³ðêîâî-ñåêòîðíèé 1,0 0,7-1,2 1,2-2,0 0,01-0,02

4,62

Ïðèéìàºìî íàéáëèæ÷å ñòàíäàðòíå ÷èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó. n=5 îá/õâ.

Ïðèáëèçíó ïîòóæí³ñòü ïðèâîäó ðîçðàõîâóºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ, êÂò:

=0.0013*1.22*6*1436,63*5*0.01=1.94.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñóøèëüíîãî áàðàáàíó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                           12006000

Îá’ºì, ì3                                                                                                                                6,8

Êóò íàõèëó áàðàáàíó, ãðàä                                                                                                  4

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                              5

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                                    3,8

Ãàáàðèòí³ ðîçì³ðè, ìì:                                                                                                                                            äîâæèíà                                                                                                                  7200                           øèðèíà                                                                                                              2100                           âèñîòà                                                                                                                                  10000

Ìàñà, ò                                                                                                                                   10,0.

7.3.5. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ï³ñêó íà ïðîñ³â âèáèðàºìî æîëîá÷àñòèé ñòð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                      Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                             2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                            4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                      250.

7.3.6. Âèá³ð ñèòà[10]

Ïðè ãîäèíí³é âèòðàò³ ï³ñêó 8,397ò âèáèðàºìî â³áðàö³éíèé åêñöåíòðèêîâèé ãðîõîò.

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ãðîõîòó (ò/ãîä.) ðîçðàõîâóºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ.

Q=3600*Kp*ρ*B*h*v,                                                                                                                      (7.12)              äå        Êð – êîåô³ö³ºíò ðîçïóøåííÿ, Êð=0,4-0,6;                                                                                     ρ – ù³ëüí³ñòü ìàòåð³àëó, ò/ì3;                                                                                                               – ðîáî÷à øèðèíà ðåøåòà, ì;                                                                                                                h – âèñîòà øàðó ìàòåð³àëó íà ðåøåò³, ì;                                                                                                         v – øâèäê³ñòü ïåðåì³ùåííÿ ìàòåð³àëó ïî ãðîõîòó, ì/ñ (â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä òèïó ³ êóòà íàõèëó ãðîõîòó v=0,05-0,25ì/ñ).

Q=3600*0.5*1.400*0.8*0,06*0.2=24,192ò/ãîä.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñèòà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÃÆ-2

Ðîçì³ðè ñèòà, ì                                                                                                                                                        øèðèíà                                                                                                                    0,8                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                             1,6

Ïëîùà ñèòà, ì2                                                                                                                     1,2

ʳëüê³ñòü ñèò                                                                                                                         2

×èñëî êîëèâàíü çà õâèëèíó                                                                                                1420

Àìïë³òóäà êîëèâàíü, ìì                                                                                                     6

Êóò íàõèëó êîðîáà, ãðàä                                                                                                     0-25

Ñåðåäíÿ ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ò/ãîä.                                                                                          äî25

Ãàáàðèòí³ ðîçì³ðè, ìì:                                                                                                                                           äîâæèíà                                                                                                                  1935                           øèðèíà                                                                                                              1258                           âèñîòà                                                                                                                                  57

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                                    1,7.

7.3.7. Ðîçðàõóíîê åëåâàòîðà [9]

ʳâøåâèé åëåâàòîð ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç âåðòèêàëüíîãî òÿãîâîãî åëåìåíòà 1 ç æîðñòêî çàêð³ïëåíèìè åëåìåíòàìè, ùî íåñóòü âàíòàæ – êîâøàìè 2. òÿãîâèé åëåìåíò îãèíຠâåðõí³é ïðèâ³äíèé 3 òà íèæí³é íàòÿæíèé 4 áàðàáàíè. Âñå öå çàêðèâàºòüñÿ ìåòàëåâèì êîæóõîì, ÿêèé ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç âåðõíüî¿ ãîëîâêè 5 ñåðåäí³õ ñåêö³é 6 , íèæíüîãî áàøìàêà 7. âåðõí³é áàðàáàí ïðèâîäèòüñÿ ó îáåðòîâèé ðóõ çà äîïîìîãîþ ïðèâîäó 8. Íàòÿæíèé ïðèñòð³é 9 ñëóæèòü äëÿ ïîïåðåäæåííÿ ïðîáóêñîâóâàííÿ ñòð³÷êè. Âàíòàæ, ùî òðàíñïîðòóºòüñÿ, ð³âíîì³ðíî ïîäàºòüñÿ ó çàâàíòàæóâàëüíèé ïàòðóáîê 10, ï³äõîïëþºòüñÿ êîâøàìè, ï³ä³éìàºòüñÿ ³ ðîçâàíòàæóºòüñÿ íà âåðõíüîìó áàðàáàí³ êð³çü âèõ³äíèé ïàòðóáîê 11. Åëåâàòîðè âèêîðèñòîâóþòü äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ íàñèïíèõ òà øòó÷íèõ âàíòàæ³â ï³ä êóòîì (á³ëüøå í³æ 600) òà âåðòèêàëüíî. Ïîõèë³ åëåâàòîðè íà ñêëîçàâîäàõ íå âèêîðèñòîâóþòü[9]. Åëåâàòîðè áóâàþòü êîâøîâ³, ïîëèöåâ³ òà ëþëå÷í³.

                                                  

Ðèñóíîê 7.3 – çàãàëüíèé âèãëÿä êîâøîâîãî åëåâàòîðà.

Çà ñïîñîáîì çàâàíòàæåííÿ òà ðîçâàíòàæåííÿ âîíè áóâàþòü øâèäêîõ³äí³ òà òèõîõ³äí³. Åëåâàòîðè âèêîðèñòîâóþòü äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ íàñèïíèõ òà øòó÷íèõ âàíòàæ³â ï³ä êóòîì (á³ëüøå í³æ 600) òà âåðòèêàëüíî. Ïîõèë³ åëåâàòîðè íà ñêëîçàâîäàõ íå âèêîðèñòîâóþòü[9]. Åëåâàòîðè áóâàþòü êîâøîâ³, ïîëèöåâ³ òà ëþëå÷í³. Çà ñïîñîáîì çàâàíòàæåííÿ òà ðîçâàíòàæåííÿ âîíè áóâàþòü øâèäêîõ³äí³ òà òèõîõ³äí³. Ïî òèïó òÿãîâîãî ïðèñòðîþ åëåâàòîðè ïîä³ëÿþòüñÿ íà ñòð³÷êîâ³ òà ëàíöþãîâ³, ç îäí³ºþ òà äâîìà ëàíöþãàìè.  ñêëÿí³é ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ íàé÷àñò³øå âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ øâèäêîõ³äí³ åëåâàòîðè ç â³äöåíòðîâè ðîçâàíòàæåííÿì.

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü åëåâàòîðà ðîçðàõîâóºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ:Q=3.6*, ò/ãîä.      (7.13)

Ç ö³º¿ ôîðìóëè âèçíà÷àºìî ïîãîííó ºìí³ñòü êîâø³â:

1,23ë/ì.                                                             (7.14)

äå          v – øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, v=1-1,7 ì/ñ;                                                                                   γ – íàñèïíà ìàñà âîëîãîãî ï³ñêó, êã/ì3;                                                                                                  φ – êîåô³ö³ºíò çàïîâíåííÿ êîâø³â φ=0,6-0,8.

Êð³ì òîãî, êîíô³ãóðàö³ÿ êîâø³â çàëåæèòü â³ä âèäó òà ñòàíó âàíòàæó. Òàê, íàé÷àñò³øå äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ñóõèõ âàíòàæ³â, ùî ëåãêî ñèïëþòüñÿ, çàñòîñîâóþòü ãëèáîê³ êîâø³, à äëÿ âîëîãèõ ìàòåð³àë³â òà ìàòåð³àë³â, ùî çëåæóþòüñÿ çàñòîñîâóþòü äð³áí³ êîâø³. Âèõîäÿ÷è ç öüîãî ïðèéìàºìî äð³áí³ êîâø³, òîä³ íàéáëèæ÷à ñòàíäàðòíà ïîãîííà ºìí³ñòü êîâø³â[9] =1,87, êîðèñíà ãåîìåòðè÷íà ºìí³ñòü êîâøà ³0=0,75ë ïðè øèðèí³ êîâøà 200 ìì òà êðîêîâ³ êîâø³â – 400ìì. Äëÿ âñòàíîâëåííÿ ïðèéìàºìî åëåâàòîð ÅËÌ-160.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà åëåâàòîðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÅËÌ-160

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                         4-7

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì/ñ                                                                                1,0-1,7

Øèðèíà êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                             160

Êðîê êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                                    320

ªìí³ñòü êîâø³â, ë                                                                                                                  0,35

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            200

Ìàêñèìàëüíà âèñîòà ï³äéîìó âàíòàæó, ì                                                                         äî 30.

7.3.8. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ï³ñêó íà ïðîñ³â âèáèðàºìî æîëîá÷àñòèé ñòð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð íîðìàëüíîãî òèïó 4025-40.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                      Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                             2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                            4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                      250.

7.3.9. Âèá³ð åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî ñåïàðàòîðà[10]

Âèáèðàºìî åëåêòðîìàãí³òíèé ñåïàðàòîð áàðàáàííîãî òèïó

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî áàðàáàíó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4

Ðîçì³ðè áàðàáàíó, ìì:                                                                                                                                                         ä³àìåòð                                                                                                         400

                          äîâæèíà                                                                                                       1000

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîìàãí³òó, êÂò                                                                                        1

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîäâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                       1

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                               30

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ò/ãîä.                                                                                                          14

Ìàñà ìàøèíè, êã                                                                                                                   710.

7.3.10. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿[7]

Çã³äíî íîðì òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ïðîåêòóâàííÿ çàïàñ ï³äãîòîâëåíîãî ï³ñêó ñêëàäຠäâ³ äîáè.

 áóíêåð³ çáåð³ãàºòüñÿ, ì3:    Qç=5,998*48=287,904.

Ïðèéìàºìî áóíêåð öèë³íäðè÷íî-êîí³÷íî¿ ôîðìè òàêèõ ðîçì³ð³â:

ijàìåòð öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                        4,2

Âèñîòà öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                         6

Âèñîòà êîí³÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                                3

ijàìåòð âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì                                                                                          0,45.

Îá’ºì öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè: 3.14*32*9=83,127 ì3.

Îá’ºì íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì3:

15,498.

Çàãàëüíèé îá’ºì ñòàíîâèòü:              V=V1+V2=83,127+15,498=96,624ì3.

Íåîáõ³äíà ê³ëüê³ñòü áóíêåð³â:n=2,91.Äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ ï³ñêó ïðèéìàºìî 3 áóíêåðà.

7.3.11. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè òðè ëîòêîâèõ æèâèëüíèêà.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                  ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                      1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                        3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6.

7.3.12. Âèá³ð çì³øóâà÷à øèõòè[3]

Âèòðàòè øèõòè çà ãîäèíó ñòàíîâëÿòü 14,686ò àáî 10,270ì3. Âèáèðàºìî çì³øóâà÷ øèõòè ô³ðìè „Ìåòàëëýêñïîðò” ÌÂ-2100 ÏÍÐ. Äàíèé çì³øóâà÷ íàëåæèòü äî íàéñó÷àñí³øèõ òèï³â ãåðìåòè÷íèõ áàðàáàííèõ çì³øóâà÷³â. Ñóì³ø ìàòåð³àë³â íàäõîäèòü â áàðàáàí ïî çàâàíòàæóâàëüíîìó ëîòêó, à ïðèãîòîâàíà øèõòà âèâàíòàæóºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ïíåâìàòè÷íîãî ïðèñòðîþ êð³çü îòâ³ð ó ïðîòèëåæíîìó ê³íö³ áàðàáàíó. Âñåðåäèí³ áàðàáàíó ðîçì³ùåí³ ñï³ðàëüí³ ëîïàò³, ÿê³ ï³ä ÷àñ îáåðòàííÿ áàðàáàíó ïåðåì³ùóþòü ìàòåð³àë ïîâçäîâæ éîãî äîâæèíè. Øèõòà çâîëîæóºòüñÿ áåçïîñåðåäíüî ó çì³øóâà÷³ ç àâòîìàòè÷íèì ââ³ìêíåííÿì òà âèìêíåííÿì ïîäàâàííÿ òåïëî¿ âîäè.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà çì³øóâà÷à øèõòè

Êîðèñíèé îá’ºì, ë                                                                                                                2100

×àñ çì³øóâàííÿ, õâ.                                                                                                              5

×èñëî îáåðò³â, õâ.-1                                                                                                               10

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîäâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                        30.

7.3.13. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â[3]

ʳëüê³ñòü øèõòè (Ð) íà îäíå çì³øóâàííÿ ñêëàäàº:

Ð=V*γ*ê,                                                                                                                                (7.15)

  äå        V – îá’ºì çì³øóâà÷à,ì3;                                                                                                                             γ – îá’ºìíà ìàñà øèõòè, ò/ì3;                                                                                                                    ê – êîåô³ö³ºíò çàïîâíåííÿ çì³øóâà÷à.

Ð=2,1*1,43*0,8=2,4024ò

Ç òàáëèö³ 7.1 âèäíî, ùî êîæíî¿ ãîäèíè äëÿ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ 14,686ò øèõòè íåîáõ³äíî 8,397 ò ï³ñêó.                         14,686ò øèõòè – 8,397 ò ï³ñêó.

              2,4024ò øèõòè – Õ ò ï³ñêó

              Õ =1,374 ò ï³ñêó.

Âèõîäÿ÷è ç òîãî ,ùî âèòðàòè ñòàíîâëÿòü 1,374 ò/ãîä. òà âñòàíîâëåíî 3 áóíêåðè, âñòàíîâëþºìî 3 òåðåç³â ÄÂCÒ-600.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà òåðåç³â ÄÂÑÒ-600

Ãðàíèöÿ âàæåííÿ, êã                                                                                                            120-600

Îá’ºì êîâøà, ì3                                                                                                                     1,1

Öèêë âàæåííÿ, ñ                                                                                                                    240

Ïîõèáêà, %                                                                                                                            0,5

Ìàñà, êã                                                                                                                                 880.

7.4. ˳í³ÿ êàîë³íó

7.4.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.1

Ïðèéìàºìî íàñòóïí³ ðîçì³ðè áóíêåðó, ì:

Í=0,4;               Í1=0,821;                   à=1,6;              b=0,45.

äå          H – âèñîòà âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                               H1 – âèñîòà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                          à – ñòîðîíà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                               b – ñòîðîíà âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì.

7.4.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                   ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                       1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                        3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                         6.

7.4.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                      Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                             2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                            4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                      250.

7.4.4. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà

Íà ïðîñ³þâàííÿ êàîë³í ïîäàºòüñÿ êîâøîâèì åëåâàòîðîì. Âèáèðàºìî ñòð³÷êîâèé åëåâàòîð òèïó ÅËÃ-160ç ãëèáîêèìè êîâøàìè.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî åëåâàòîðà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÅËÃ-160

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                                       4-7

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì/ñ                                                                                1,0-1,7

Øèðèíà êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                             160

Êðîê êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                                   300

ªìí³ñòü êîâø³â, ë                                                                                                                 0,5

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            200

Ìàêñèìàëüíà âèñîòà ï³äéîìó, ì                                                                                        äî 30.

7.4.5. Âèá³ð ñèòà

Ïðè ãîäèíí³é âèòðàò³ êàîë³íó 0,743 ò âèáèðàºìî ñèòî - áóðàò. Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñèòà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            6501500

Ðîçì³ðè áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                                                                              ä³àìåòð á³ëüøî¿ îñíîâè                                                                                          650                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                             550

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                              30

Ðîçì³ðè ôðàêö³é, ìì                                                                                                             0-1

Ïðèáëèçíà ñåðåäíÿ ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ò/ãîä.                                                                         1,5

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                                     1

7.4.6. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.8

Ïðèéìàºìî áóíêåð öèë³íäðè÷íî-êîí³÷íî¿ ôîðìè òàêèõ ðîçì³ð³â:

ijàìåòð öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                       2

Âèñîòà öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                         6

Âèñîòà êîí³÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                                 3

ijàìåòð âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì                                                                                          0,45.

Äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ êàîë³íó ïðèéìàºìî îäèí áóíêåð.

7.4.7. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                  ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                      1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                        3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                         6.

7.4.8. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â

Ç òàáëèö³ 7.1 âèäíî, ùî êîæíî¿ ãîäèíè äëÿ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ 14,686ò øèõòè íåîáõ³äíî 0,743 ò êàîë³íó.                        14,686ò øèõòè – 0,743ò êàîë³íó

              2,4024ò øèõòè – Õ ò êàîë³íó.

                          Õ=0,122 ò êàîë³íó

Âèõîäÿ÷è ç òîãî, ùî âèòðàòè ñòàíîâëÿòü 0,122 ò/ãîä. âñòàíîâëþºìî îäí³ òåðåçè.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà òåðåç³â

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÄÂÑÒ-150

Ãðàíèöÿ âàæåííÿ, êã                                                                                                            50-150

Îá’ºì êîâøà, ì3                                                                                                                    0,27

Öèêë âàæåííÿ, ñ                                                                                                                   180

Ïîõèáêà, %                                                                                                                           0,5

Ìàñà, êã                                                                                                                                  880.

7.5. ˳í³ÿ äîëîì³òó

7.5.1. Âèá³ð áóíêåðó

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.1.

Ïðèéìàºìî íàñòóïí³ ðîçì³ðè áóíêåðó, ì:

Í=0,8;               Í1=1,11;                     à=2;                 b=0,45.

äå          H – âèñîòà âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                H1 – âèñîòà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                           à – ñòîðîíà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                              b – ñòîðîíà âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì.

7.5.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî âñòàíîâëåííÿ îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                  ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                       1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                        3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                         6.

7.5.3. Ðîçðàõóíîê ùîêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè[8]

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ùîêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè ðîçðàõîâóºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ:

,                                                                                    (7.16)              äå            à – øèðèíà çàâàíòàæóâàëüíî¿ ù³ëèíè â ç³ìêíåíîìó ñòàí³, ì;                                                              S – âåëè÷èíà â³äõîäó ùîêè, ì(S=0,03*b äëÿ êðóïíèõ, S=0,04*b äëÿ ñåðåäí³õ òà äð³áíèõ äðîáàðîê); äëÿ ÙÄÑ S=7+0,1*b, äëÿ ÙÄÏ S=8+0,26*b,( b – ðîçì³ð âèõ³äíî¿ ù³ëèíè, ìì);                          n – ÷àñòîòà îáåðòàííÿ åêñöåíòðèêîâîãî âàëó, îá/õâ.;                                                                        φ – êîåô³ö³ºíò çàïîâíåííÿ çåâó(0,2-0,65).

×àñòîòà îáåðòàííÿ åêñöåíòðèêîâîãî âàëó ðîçðàõîâóºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ 7.17 [8], îá/õâ.;

n=310-145*B                                                                                                                          (7.17)              äå            Â – øèðèíà çàâàíòàæóâàëüíîãî îòâîðó, ì;

n=310-145*0,175=284,625.

Q=30*(2*0.05+0.007)*28*0.6*0.007*0.4*=4,689 ì3/ãîä.

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíó ùîêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè ðîçðàõîâóºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ [8], êÂò;

N=1.37*,                                                                                                     (7.18)              äå            σ – ìåæà ì³öíîñò³ ìàòåð³àëó, ùî äðîáèòüñÿ, ÌÏà;

              Q – ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü äðîáàðêè çà ãîäèíó, êã;                                                                                           Å – ìîäóëü ïðóæíîñò³ ìàòåð³àëó, ùî äðîáèòüñÿ, ÌÏà;                                                                         η – ÊÊÄ äðîáàðêè;                                                                                                                                           dí,dê – ìàêñèìàëüíèé ïî÷àòêîâèé òà ê³íöåâèé ä³àìåòðè êóñê³â ìàòåð³àëó, ùî äðîáèòüñÿ(dí ïðèéìàºòüñÿ 0,85  ,dê äîð³âíþº øèðèí³ ðîçâàíòàæóâàëüíîãî îòâîðó, ì).

N=1.37*=4,42 êÂò.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ùîêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             175250

Ðîçì³ðè çàâàíòàæóâàëüíîãî îòâîðó, ìì                                                                                                                øèðèíà                                                                                                                    175                             äîâæèíà                                                                                                              250

Íàéá³ëüøèé ðîçì³ð êóñê³â ìàòåð³àëó, ÿê³ ìîæíà çàâàíòàæèòè, ìì                                 149

Øèðèíà ðîçâàíòàæóâàëüíîãî îòâîðó, ìì                                                                          70

×èñëî îáåðò³â åêñöåíòðèêîâîãî âàëó, õâ.-1                                                                        300

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ïðè äðîáëåíí³ ïîð³ä ñåðåäíüî¿ òâåðäîñò³, ì3/ãîä                                 2,5-5

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîäâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                        6.

7.5.4. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                      Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                             2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                            4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                      250

7.5.5. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà

Äëÿ ï³äéîìó ïîäð³áíåíîãî äîëîì³òó äî ñóøèëüíîãî áàðàáàíó âèáèðàºìî ê³âøåâèé ñòð³÷êîâèé åëåâàòîð ÅËÃ-160 ç ãëèáîêèìè êîâøàìè.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî åëåâàòîðà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÅËÃ-160

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                                        4-7

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì/ñ                                                                                 1,0-1,7

Øèðèíà êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                             160

Êðîê êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                                   300

ªìí³ñòü êîâø³â, ë                                                                                                                 0,65

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            200

Ìàêñèìàëüíà âèñîòà, ì                                                                                                        äî 30.

7.5.6. Âèá³ð ñóøèëüíîãî áàðàáàíó

Ñóøèëüíèé áàðàáàí ðîçðàõîâóºìî çà ïóíêòîì 7.3.4. Äëÿ ñóø³ííÿ äîëîì³òó âèáèðàºìî ñóøèëüíèé áàðàáàí ïðÿìîòî÷íîãî òèïó çàâîäó „Ñòðîéìàøèíà” ðîçì³ðàìè 1,26ì.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñóøèëüíîãî áàðàáàíó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            12006000

Îá’ºì, ì3                                                                                                                               6,8

Êóò íàõèëó áàðàáàíó, ãðàä                                                                                                  4

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                               5

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                                     3,8

Ãàáàðèòí³ ðîçì³ðè, ìì:                                                                                                                                            äîâæèíà                                                                                                                   7200                           øèðèíà                                                                                                               2100                           âèñîòà                                                                                                                                   10000

Ìàñà, ò                                                                                                                                   10,0.

7.5.7. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ êóñêîâîãî äîëîì³òó äî ñóøàðêè âèáèðàºìî æîëîá÷àñòèé ñòð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð íîðìàëüíîãî òèïó 4025-40.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                      Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                             2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                            4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                       250.

7.5.8. Âèá³ð êóëüîâîãî ìëèíà[10]

Ïîìåë äîëîì³òó âèêîíóºòüñÿ ó êóëüîâîìó ìëèí³ ç ðîçâàíòàæåííÿì êð³çü ïîëó öàïôó.

Ðèñóíîê 7.4. – êóëüîâèé ìëèí ç ðîçâàíòàæåííÿì êð³çü ïîëó öàïôó

Òåõí³÷í³ ïàðàìåòðè êóëüîâîãî ìëèíà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ØÐ-4

ijàìåòð áàðàáàíó, ì                                                                                                             2100

Ðîáî÷à äîâæèíà áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                            1500

×àñòîòà îáåðòàííÿ áàðàáàíó, îá/ñ                                                                                      0,4

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ò/ãîä                                                                                                                     6-16

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîäâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                       125

Ãàáàðèòí³ ðîçì³ðè, ìì

                                      äîâæèíà                                                                                           6,595

                                      øèðèíà                                                                                            4,457

                                      âèñîòà                                                                                                          3,72

Ìàñà, ò                                                                                                                                    34,5.

7.5.9. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ ïîìåëåíîãî äîëîì³òó äî ñèòà âèáèðàºìî æîëîá÷àñòèé ñòð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð íîðìàëüíîãî òèïó 4025-40.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                       Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                              2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                            4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                       250.

7.5.10. Âèá³ð ñèòà

Ïðè ãîäèíí³é âèòðàò³ äîëîì³òó 2,242 ò âèáèðàºìî ñèòî - áóðàò.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñèòà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÑÌ-237

Ðîçì³ðè áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                                                                              ä³àìåòð á³ëüøî¿ îñíîâè                                                                                          1100                           äîâæèíà                                                                                                             35000

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                              25

Ðîçì³ðè ôðàêö³é, ìì                                                                                                            0-1;1-3;3-5

Ïðèáëèçíà ñåðåäíÿ ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ò/ãîä.                                                                        3

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                                     1,7.

7.5.11. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî åëåâàòîðà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÅËÃ-160

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                                      4-7

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì/ñ                                                                                1,0-1,7

Øèðèíà êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                             160

Êðîê êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                                   300

ªìí³ñòü êîâø³â, ë                                                                                                                 0,65

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            200

Ìàêñèìàëüíà âèñîòà, ì                                                                                                       äî 30.

7.5.12. Âèá³ð åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî ñåïàðàòîðà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî áàðàáàíó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4

Ðîçì³ðè áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                                                                              ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                      400                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                             1000

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîìàãí³òó, êÂò                                                                                         1

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîäâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                        1

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                              30

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ò/ãîä.                                                                                                        14

Ìàñà ìàøèíè, êã                                                                                                                  710

7.5.13.Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.8. Ïðèéìàºìî áóíêåð òàêèõ ðîçì³ð³â:

ijàìåòð öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                       4

Âèñîòà öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                         4,5

Âèñîòà êîí³÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                                2

ijàìåòð âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì                                                                                         0,45.

Äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ äîëîì³òó ïðèéìàºìî 1 áóíêåð.

7.5.14. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                  ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                      1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                       3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6.

7.5.15. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â

Ç òàáëèö³ 7.1 âèäíî, ùî êîæíî¿ ãîäèíè äëÿ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ 14,686ò øèõòè íåîáõ³äíî 2,242ò äîëîì³òó.            14,686ò øèõòè – 2,242 ò äîëîì³òó

              2,4024ò øèõòè - Õ ò äîëîì³òó.

                          Õ=0,367ò äîëîì³òó

Âèõîäÿ÷è ç òîãî ,ùî âñòàíîâëþºòüñÿ îäèí áóíêåð âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿ âñòàíîâëþºìî îäí³ òåðåçè.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà òåðåç³â ÄÂÑÒ-600

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÄÂÑÒ-600

Ãðàíèöÿ âàæåííÿ, êã                                                                                                            120-600

Îá’ºì êîâøà, ì3                                                                                                                    1,1

Öèêë âàæåííÿ, ñ                                                                                                                    240

Ïîõèáêà, %                                                                                                                           0,5

Ìàñà, êã                                                                                                                                  880.

7.6. ˳í³ÿ ñîäè

7.6.1. Âèá³ð áóíêåðó

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.1. Ïðèéìàºìî íàñòóïí³ ðîçì³ðè áóíêåðó, ì:

Í=1,753;                      Í1=1,11;                     à=2;                            b=0,45.

äå          H – âèñîòà âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                H1 – âèñîòà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                          à – ñòîðîíà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                               b – ñòîðîíà âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì.

7.6.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì                                                                                                                                                   ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                      1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                       3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6.

7.6.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                      Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                              2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                            4,4.

7.6.4. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî åëåâàòîðà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÅËÃ-160

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                                       4-7

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì/ñ                                                                                1,0-1,7

Øèðèíà êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                             160

Êðîê êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                                   300

ªìí³ñòü êîâø³â, ë                                                                                                                 0,5

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            200

Ìàêñèìàëüíà âèñîòà ï³äéîìó, ì                                                                                         äî 30.

7.6.5. Âèá³ð ñèòà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñèòà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÑÌ-237

Ðîçì³ðè áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                                                                              ä³àìåòð á³ëüøî¿ îñíîâè                                                                                          1100                            äîâæèíà                                                                                                             35000

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                              25

Ðîçì³ðè ôðàêö³é, ìì                                                                                                            0-1;1-3;3-5

Ïðèáëèçíà ñåðåäíÿ ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ò/ãîä.                                                                         3

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                                     1,7.

7.6.6. Âèá³ð äðîáàðêè

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âàëêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÄÂÃ- 2Ì

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ò/ãîä                                                                                                          12

Ðîçì³ðè âàëê³â, ìì                                                                                                                                                  ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                     400                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                             250

×àñòîòà îáåðòàííÿ âàëê³â, îá/ñ                                                                                            3,3

Íàéá³ëüøèé ðîçì³ð êóñê³â ìàòåð³àëó, ÿê³ ìîæíà çàâàíòàæèòè, ìì                                 32

Ðîçì³ð êóñê³â ï³ñëÿ äðîáëåííÿ, ìì                                                                                     2-8

Çàçîð ì³æ âàëêàìè, ìì                                                                                                        15

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîäâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                       9

Ãàáàðèòí³ ðîçì³ðè, ì:                                                                                                                                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                                  2,385                          øèðèíà                                                                                                             1,53                            âèñîòà                                                                                                                                  0,868

Ìàñà, ò                                                                                                                                   2,42.

7.6.7. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.8. Ïðèéìàºìî áóíêåð öèë³íäðè÷íî-êîí³÷íî¿ ôîðìè òàêèõ ðîçì³ð³â:

ijàìåòð öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                       4,5

Âèñîòà öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                         6

Âèñîòà êîí³÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                                3

ijàìåòð âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì                                                                                         0,45.

Äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ ñîäè ïðèéìàºìî 1 áóíêåð.

7.6.8. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                  ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                      1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                       3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6.

7.6.9. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â

Ç òàáëèö³ 7.1 âèäíî, ùî êîæíî¿ ãîäèíè äëÿ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ 14,686ò øèõòè íåîáõ³äíî 2,668ò ñîäè:              14,686ò øèõòè – 2,668 ò ñîäè

              2,4024ò øèõòè – Õ ò ñîäè.

                          Õ=0,436ò ñîäè

Âèõîäÿ÷è ç òîãî ,ùî âñòàíîâëþºòüñÿ îäèí áóíêåð âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿ âñòàíîâëþºìî îäí³ òåðåçè.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà òåðåç³â ÄÂÑÒ-600ï

Ãðàíèöÿ âàæåííÿ, êã                                                                                                            120-600

Îá’ºì êîâøà, ì3                                                                                                                     1,1

Öèêë âàæåííÿ, ñ                                                                                                                    240

Ïîõèáêà, %                                                                                                                           0,5

Ìàñà, êã                                                                                                                                 880.

7.7. ˳í³ÿ ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ

7.7.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó çáåð³ãàííÿ

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.1. Ïðèéìàºìî íàñòóïí³ ðîçì³ðè áóíêåðó, ì:

Í=0,1;               Í1=0,85;                     à=1,6;                         b=0,45.

äå          H – âèñîòà âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                H1 – âèñîòà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                           à – ñòîðîíà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                               b – ñòîðîíà âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì.

7.7.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì                                                                                                                                                   ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                     1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                        3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6.

7.7.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                       Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                              2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                             4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                       250.

7.7.4. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî åëåâàòîðà ÅËÃ-160

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                                       4-7

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì/ñ                                                                                 1,0-1,7

Øèðèíà êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                              160

Êðîê êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                                   300

ªìí³ñòü êîâø³â, ë                                                                                                                  0,65

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                             200

Ìàêñèìàëüíà âèñîòà, ì                                                                                                        äî 30.

7.7.5. Âèá³ð ñèòà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñèòà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            6501500

Ðîçì³ðè áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                                                                              ä³àìåòð á³ëüøî¿ îñíîâè                                                                                          650                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                             550

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                               30

Ðîçì³ð ôðàêö³¿, ìì                                                                                                                0-1

Ïðèáëèçíà ñåðåäíÿ ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ò/ãîä.                                                                         1,5

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                                     1.

7.7.6. Âèá³ð äðîáàðêè

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âàëêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÄÂÃ- 2Ì

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ò/ãîä                                                                                                          12

Ðîçì³ðè âàëê³â, ìì                                                                                                                                                  ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                     400                             äîâæèíà                                                                                                             250

×àñòîòà îáåðòàííÿ âàëê³â, îá/ñ                                                                                            3,3

Íàéá³ëüøèé ðîçì³ð êóñê³â ìàòåð³àëó, ÿê³ ìîæíà çàâàíòàæèòè, ìì                                 32

Ðîçì³ð êóñê³â ï³ñëÿ äðîáëåííÿ, ìì                                                                                     2-8

Çàçîð ì³æ âàëêàìè, ìì                                                                                                        15

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîäâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                       9

Ãàáàðèòí³ ðîçì³ðè, ì:                                                                                                                                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                                  2,385                          øèðèíà                                                                                                             1,53                            âèñîòà                                                                                                                                  0,868

Ìàñà, ò                                                                                                                                   2,42.

7.7.7. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.8. Ïðèéìàºìî áóíêåð öèë³íäðè÷íî-êîí³÷íî¿ ôîðìè òàêèõ ðîçì³ð³â:

ijàìåòð öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                      2

Âèñîòà öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                        3,8

Âèñîòà êîí³÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                                2

ijàìåòð âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì                                                                                          0,45.

Äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ ïðèéìàºìî 1 áóíêåð.

7.7.8. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                  ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                      1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                       3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6.

7.7.9. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â

Ç òàáëèö³ 7.1 âèäíî, ùî êîæíî¿ ãîäèíè äëÿ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ 14,686ò øèõòè íåîáõ³äíî 0,345ò ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ.           14,686ò øèõòè – 0,345 ò ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ

                          2,4024ò øèõòè – Õ ò ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ.

                                      Õ=0,0565ò ñóëüôàòó íàòð³þ.

Âèõîäÿ÷è ç òîãî ,ùî âñòàíîâëþºòüñÿ îäèí áóíêåð âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿ âñòàíîâëþºìî îäí³ òåðåçè.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà òåðåç³â ÄÂÑÒ-70

Ãðàíèöÿ âàæåííÿ, êã                                                                                                            35-70

Îá’ºì êîâøà, ì3                                                                                                                    0,16

Öèêë âàæåííÿ, ñ                                                                                                                    180

Ïîõèáêà, %                                                                                                                           0,5

Ìàñà, êã                                                                                                                                  880.

7.8. ˳í³ÿ êðåéäè

7.8.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó çáåð³ãàííÿ

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.1. Ïðèéìàºìî íàñòóïí³ ðîçì³ðè áóíêåðó, ì:

Í=0,14;             Í1=0,7;                                   à=1,4;                         b=0,45.

äå          H – âèñîòà âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                H1 – âèñîòà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                          à – ñòîðîíà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                               b – ñòîðîíà âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì.

7.8.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì                                                                                                                                                   ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                     1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                        3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6.

7.8.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Äëÿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ êðåéäè âèáèðàºìî æîëîá÷àñòèé ñòð³÷êîâèé êîíâåºð íîðìàëüíîãî òèïó 4025-40.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                       Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                              2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                             4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                       250.

7.8.4. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî åëåâàòîðà ÅËÃ-160

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                                       4-7

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì/ñ                                                                                1,0-1,7

Øèðèíà êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                             160

Êðîê êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                                    300

ªìí³ñòü êîâø³â, ë                                                                                                                  0,65

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                             200

Ìàêñèìàëüíà âèñîòà, ì                                                                                                        äî 30.

7.8.5. Âèá³ð ñèòà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñèòà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            6501500

Ðîçì³ðè áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                                                                              ä³àìåòð á³ëüøî¿ îñíîâè                                                                                          650                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                             550

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                              30

Ðîçì³ð ôðàêö³¿, ìì                                                                                                                0-1

Ïðèáëèçíà ñåðåäíÿ ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ò/ãîä.                                                                         1,5

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                                     1.

7.8.6. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.8. Ïðèéìàºìî áóíêåð öèë³íäðè÷íî-êîí³÷íî¿ ôîðìè òàêèõ ðîçì³ð³â:

ijàìåòð öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                       2

Âèñîòà öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                         2,2

Âèñîòà êîí³÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                                 2

ijàìåòð âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì                                                                                          0,45.

Äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ êðåéäè ïðèéìàºìî 1 áóíêåð.

7.8.7. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                  ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                      1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                       3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6.

7.8.8. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â

Ç òàáëèö³ 7.1 âèäíî, ùî êîæíî¿ ãîäèíè äëÿ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ 14,686ò øèõòè íåîáõ³äíî 0,268ò êðåéäè.            14,686 ò øèõòè – 0,268 ò êðåéäè

              2,4024 ò øèõòè – Õ ò êðåéäè.

                                        Õ=0,044 ò êðåéäè

Âèõîäÿ÷è ç òîãî ,ùî âñòàíîâëþºòüñÿ îäèí áóíêåð âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿ âñòàíîâëþºìî îäí³ òåðåçè.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà òåðåç³â ÄÂÑÒ-70

Ãðàíèöÿ âàæåííÿ, êã                                                                                                            35-70

Îá’ºì êîâøà, ì3                                                                                                                     0,16

Öèêë âàæåííÿ, ñ                                                                                                                    180

Ïîõèáêà, %                                                                                                                           0,2

Ìàñà, êã                                                                                                                                  880.

7.9. ˳í³ÿ âóã³ëëÿ

7.9.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðó çáåð³ãàííÿ

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.1. Ïðèéìàºìî íàñòóïí³ ðîçì³ðè áóíêåðó, ì:

Í=0;                  Í1=0,75;                     à=1;                 b=0,2.

äå          H – âèñîòà âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                               H1 – âèñîòà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                          à – ñòîðîíà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                               b – ñòîðîíà âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì.

7.9.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì                                                                                                                                                   ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                     1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                        3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                         6.

7.9.3. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                       Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                              2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                            4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                       250.

7.9.4. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî åëåâàòîðà ÅËÃ-160

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                                       4-7

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì/ñ                                                                                1,0-1,7

Øèðèíà êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                             160

Êðîê êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                                    300

ªìí³ñòü êîâø³â, ë                                                                                                                  0,65

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            200

Ìàêñèìàëüíà âèñîòà, ì                                                                                                       äî 30.

7.9.5. Âèá³ð ñèòà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñèòà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            6501500

Ðîçì³ðè áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                                                                              ä³àìåòð á³ëüøî¿ îñíîâè                                                                                          650                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                             550

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, õâ.-1                                                                                               30

Ðîçì³ðè ôðàêö³é, ìì                                                                                                             0-1

Ïðèáëèçíà ñåðåäíÿ ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ò/ãîä.                                                                        1,5

Ïîòóæí³ñòü äâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                                    1.

7.9.6. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.8. Ïðèéìàºìî áóíêåð öèë³íäðè÷íî-êîí³÷íî¿ ôîðìè òàêèõ ðîçì³ð³â:

ijàìåòð öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                       1

Âèñîòà öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                        0,6

Âèñîòà êîí³÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                                1

ijàìåòð âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì                                                                                         0,2.

Äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ âóã³ëëÿ ïðèéìàºìî 1 áóíêåð.

7.9.7. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Ïðèéìàºìî äî óñòàíîâêè îäèí ëîòêîâèé æèâèëüíèê.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

ijàìåòð òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                               1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                        3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6.

7.9.8. Âèá³ð àâòîìàòè÷íèõ òåðåç³â

Ç òàáëèö³ 7.1 âèäíî, ùî êîæíî¿ ãîäèíè äëÿ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ 14,686ò øèõòè íåîáõ³äíî 0,023ò âóã³ëëÿ.                        14,686ò øèõòè – 0,023 ò âóã³ëëÿ

              2,4024ò øèõòè – Õ ò âóã³ëëÿ

                          Õ= 0,004 ò âóã³ëëÿ

Âèõîäÿ÷è ç òîãî ,ùî âñòàíîâëþºòüñÿ îäèí áóíêåð âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿ âñòàíîâëþºìî îäí³ òåðåçè.

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà òåðåç³â ÄÂÑÒ-5

Ãðàíèöÿ âàæåííÿ, êã                                                                                                            2-5

Îá’ºì êîâøà, ì3                                                                                                                    0,028

Öèêë âàæåííÿ, ñ                                                                                                                    45

Ïîõèáêà, %                                                                                                                           0,2

Ìàñà, êã                                                                                                                                 420.

7.10.˳í³ÿ ñêëîáîþ

7.10.1. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåð³â çáåð³ãàííÿ

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.1. Ïðèéìàºìî íàñòóïí³ ðîçì³ðè áóíêåðó, ì:

Áóíêåð äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ ïîêóïíîãî ñêëîáîþ:

Í=0,85;             Í1=1,11;                     à=2;                 b=0,45.

Áóíêåð äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ âëàñíîãî, çâîðîòíîãî ñêëîáîþ

Í=0,26;             Í1=1,11;                     à=2;                 b=0,45;

äå          H – âèñîòà âåðõíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                               H1 – âèñîòà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                                           à – ñòîðîíà íèæíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè áóíêåðó, ì;                                                                                              b – ñòîðîíà âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì.

7.10.2. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì                                                                                                                                                   ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                     1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                        3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                         6.

7.10.3. Âèá³ð ùîêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ùîêîâî¿ äðîáàðêè

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                             175250

Ðîçì³ðè çàâàíòàæóâàëüíîãî îòâîðó, ìì                                                                                                                øèðèíà                                                                                                                    175                             äîâæèíà                                                                                                              250

Íàéá³ëüøèé ðîçì³ð êóñê³â ìàòåð³àëó, ÿê³ ìîæíà çàâàíòàæèòè, ìì                                149

Øèðèíà ðîçâàíòàæóâàëüíîãî îòâîðó, ìì                                                                          70

×èñëî îáåðò³â åêñöåíòðèêîâîãî âàëó, õâ.-1                                                                        300

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ïðè äðîáëåíí³ ïîð³ä ñåðåäíüî¿ òâåðäîñò³, ì3/ãîä                                  2,5-5

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîäâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                       6.

7.10.4. Âèá³ð ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî êîíâåºðó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            4025-40

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            400

Òèï ñòð³÷êè / ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîêëàäîê                                                                                       Á-820/3

Íàéá³ëüøà ðîçðàõóíêîâà øâèäê³ñòü ñòð³÷êè, ì/ñ                                                              2,5

Íàéá³ëüøà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                    125

Íàéá³ëüøà ïîòóæí³ñòü íà áàðàáàí³, êÂò                                                                             4,4

ijàìåòð ïðèâ³äíîãî áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                       250.

7.10.5. Âèá³ð åëåâàòîðà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñòð³÷êîâîãî åëåâàòîðà ÅËÃ-160

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä.                                                                                                       4-7

Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó õîäîâî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì/ñ                                                                                 1,0-1,7

Øèðèíà êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                             160

Êðîê êîâø³â, ìì                                                                                                                    300

ªìí³ñòü êîâø³â, ë                                                                                                                  0,65

Øèðèíà ñòð³÷êè, ìì                                                                                                            200

Ìàêñèìàëüíà âèñîòà, ì                                                                                                        äî 30.

7.10.6. Âèá³ð åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî ñåïàðàòîðà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî áàðàáàíó

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÑÅ-171

Ðîçì³ðè áàðàáàíó, ìì                                                                                                                                              ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                     900                              äîâæèíà                                                                                                             1000

Íàïðóæåí³ñòü åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿíà ïîâåðõí³ áàðàáàíó, êÀ/ì                              119,5

ʳëüê³ñòü ìàãí³òíèõ ïîëþñ³â                                                                                                          3

Ïîòóæí³ñòü åëåêòðîäâèãóíà, êÂò                                                                                       1

×èñëî îáåðò³â áàðàáàíó, îá/ñ                                                                                                  0,39; 0,43; 0,47

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ò/ãîä.                                                                                                         50

Ìàñà ìàøèíè, êã                                                                                                                  4800

7.10.7. Ðîçðàõóíîê áóíêåðà âàãîâî¿ ë³í³¿

Ðîçðàõóíîê ïðîâîäèìî çà ï.7.3.8. Ïðèéìàºìî áóíêåð öèë³íäðè÷íî-êîí³÷íî¿ ôîðìè ðîçì³ðàìè

ijàìåòð öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                       3,5

Âèñîòà öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                        5

Âèñîòà êîí³÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                                2

ijàìåòð âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì                                                                                         0,45.

Äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ ñêëîáîþ ïðèéìàºìî 2 áóíêåðà.

7.10.8. Âèá³ð ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òåõí³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ëîòêîâîãî æèâèëüíèêà

Òèïîðîçì³ð                                                                                                                            ÊÂ1Ò-0,15

Ðîçì³ðè òðóáè, ìì:                                                                                                                                                   ä³àìåòð                                                                                                                     1594,9

              ìàêñèìàëüíà äîâæèíà, ì                                                                                       3,3

Ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ì3/ãîä                                                                                                        6

7.10.9. Âèá³ð ì³ðíîãî áóíêåðó

ijàìåòð öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                      1,5

Âèñîòà öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                       1

Âèñîòà êîí³÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè, ì                                                                                                1

ijàìåòð âèïóñêíî¿ â³äòóëèíè, ì                                                                                        0,45
˳òåðàòóðà

1 – ÃÎÑÒ 10117-91 Áóòûëêè ñòåêëÿííûå äëÿ ïèùåâûõ æèäêîñòåé. -ââåäåí 01.01.93.

2 – Ãóëîÿí Þ.À., Êàçàêîâ Â.Ä., Ñìèðíîâ Â.Ô. Ïðîèçâîäñòâî ñòåêëÿííîé òàðû. – Ì.: Ëåãêàÿ èíäóñòðèÿ, 1979. – 256ñ.

3 – Ôåäîðîâ Â.À., Ãóëîÿí Þ.À. Ïðîèçâîäñòâî ñîðòîâîé ïîñóäû. – Ì.: Ëåãêàÿ ïðîìûøëåííîñòü, 1983. – 184ñ.

4 – Ñîëèíîâ Ô. Ã. Ïðîèçâîäñòâî ëèñòîâîãî ñòåêëà. Ì., Ñòðîéèçäàò, 1976, 288ñ.

5 – Âîëãèíà Þ.Ì. Òåïëîòåõíè÷åñêîå îáîðóäîâàíèå ñòåêîëüíûõ çàâîäîâ. – Ì.: Ñòðîéèçäàò, 1982. – 276ñ.

6 – Çóáàíîâ Â.À. Ìåõàíè÷åñêîå îáîðóäîâàíèå ñòåêîëüíûõ è ñèòàëëîâûõ çàâîäîâ. Ì., „Ìàøèíîñòðîåíèå”, 1975 – 408ñ

7 – Ìåòîäè÷í³ âêàç³âêè äî êóðñîâîãî ³ äèïëîìíîãî ïðîåêòóâàííÿ äëÿ ñòóäåíò³â IV-V êóðñ³â ñïåö³àëüíîñò³ 7.091609 „Õ³ì³÷íà òåõíîëîã³ÿ òóãîïëàâêèõ íåìåòàëåâèõ ³ ñèë³êàòíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â” ñïåö³àë³çàö³¿ „Òåõíîëîã³ÿ ñêëà” äåííî¿ òà çàî÷íî¿ ôîðì íàâ÷àííÿ / Ñ.². Ìàêñèìîâè÷. – Äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüê: ÓÄÕÒÓ,  1997. – 41ñ.

8 – Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå óêàçàíèÿ ê ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîé ðàáîòå è ïðàêòè÷åñêèì çàíÿòèÿì ïî êóðñó „Îáîðóäîâàíèå çàâîäîâ è îñíîâû ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ” äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ IV êóðñà ñïåöèàëüíîñòè 25.08 / Ñîñò. Ý.Ì. Ñàðäàê, Ñ.È. Ìàêñèìîâè÷, Â.Ä. Ñàâ÷åíêî. – Äíåïðîïåòðîâñê: ÄÕÒÈ, 1992 – 48ñ.

9 – Å.Ñ. Àõë¸ñòèí. Òðàíñïîðòèðóþùèå ìàøèíû ñòåêîëüíûõ çàâîäîâ. – Èâàíîâî: Èâàíîâñêèé ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò èìåíè Â.È. Ëåíèíà, 1975 – 104ñ.

10 – Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå öåìåíòíûõ çàâîäîâ. Ïîä ðåä. Çîçóëè Ï.Â. Íèêèôîðîâà Þ.Â.–Ñàíêò–Ïåòåðáóðã: Ñèíòåç, 1995.– 445ñ.


 
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